Revolt and Reform

1
Revolt and Reform

• Abolition Feminism
• 1820 -1840

2
Study Guide Identifications

• Benevolent Empire
• Temperance Movement
• Social Mother
• Sarah Joseph Hale
• Working Mans Movement
• Institutional Reforms
• Abolition
• William Lloyd Garrison

• American Colonization Society, 1817
• American Anti Slavery Society, 1833
• Black Abolition
• David Walker
• Nat Turners Rebellion, 1831
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Seneca Falls Convention, 1848
• Declaration of Sentiments

3
Study Guide Questions

• What Characterized the evolution of the Abolition
  Movement?
• What role would did women play in the reform
  movements that followed in the wake of the
  Industrial Revolution?
• What characterized the evolution of womens
  reform?

4
Reform Movement

• The Benevolent Empire
• Voluntary church-affiliated reform organizations
• Eastern elites and families
• Impose moral discipline
• Religious/Christian Conversion would provide
  order among the lower classes

5
Womens Role in Reform, 1800

• Phase I Reform activities represented an
  extension of the domestic ideal promoted in the
  Cult of Domesticity
• Social Mother Moral Suasion
• 1797, the Society for the Relief of Poor Widows
  with Small Children, New York

6
Temperance Movement

• American Temperance Society
• Founded in Boston, 1826 by Upper-middle class
• Businessmen used ideas to create a regimented
  labor force
• Intemperance the greatest sin
• Crime, poverty, insanity, broken families

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Womens Reform, 1820s

• Widened public role of women
• Reinforced cultural stereotypes of women as
  helpmates who deferred to males
• Middle class women
• Voluntary female groups
• Maternal associations
• Sponsored revivals
• Established Sunday schools
• Distributed bibles and religious tracts

8
Womens Role in Reform, 1830s

• Challenge male prerogatives
• Crusade against prostitution
• New York Female Moral Reform Society
• Sarah Joseph Hale - Boston Aid Society
• Rejected the benevolent tradition of
  distinguishing between the respectable and the
  unworthy
• low wages and substandard housing that trapped
  her poor clients in poverty
• Businessmen exploited female labor
• American Female Moral Reform Society
• Crusade against the sexual double standard

9
Prisons, Workhouses, Asylums

• 18th century belief that people could not be
  rehabilitated, conditions could not be changed
• Reformers of the Jacksonian era believed peoples
  environments shaped their character and could be
  redeemed
• Penitentiaries
• Mental hospitals
• Workhouses
• Orphanages
• reformatories

10
School Reform

• Workingmans Movement
• Eastern cities, 1820s
• Pushed for equal republican education
• Sought to guarantee that all citizens could
  achieve meaningful liberty and equality
• First Board of Education, Massachusetts, 1837
• Wealthy property holders resisted
• Refused to pay taxes to support the education of
  working class children

11
Abolition Womens rights

• Abolitionists
• insisted that slavery was THE great national sin
  and it mocked ideals of liberty and Christian
  morality.
• 1840, Movement led by William Lloyd Garrison
  split
• Garrisons division supported womens rights
• Female abolitionists organized a separate womens
  rights movement.

12
American Colonization Society, 1817

• Founded by slave holding politicians from the
  upper south such as Henry Clay, James Madison and
  President James Monroe
• Gradual emancipation followed by the removal of
  black people from America to Africa
• Goal was to make America all free and all white.

13
Black Abolition

• A black petition in 1817 states that banishment
  from America would not only be cruel, but in
  direct violation of the principles which have
  been the boast of this republic.
• 1827 Freedoms Journal
• David Walker, Appeal to the Colored Citizens of
  the World, 1829
• Rejected colonization
• Indictment of white greed and hypocrisy
• America is more our country, than it is the
  whites, we have enriched it with our blood and
  tears, and he warned that wo be to you if we
  have to obtain our freedom by fighting.

14
Nat Turners Rebellion exploded in 1831 and gave
rise to white abolitionists who rejected
colonization
15
American Anti-Slavery Society, 1833

• Founded in 1833 by Black and White Abolitionists
• With financial backing spread the messages
• Printed word
• Documented indictment of slaver,
• American Slavery As It Is Testimony of a
  Thousand Witnesses
• Rallies
• Paid lectures
• Childrens games and toys
• Sermons
• Published sayings on posters, emblems, song
  sheets and candy wrappers

16
Anti-slavery men
17
Anti- Abolition Movement

• Mid 1830s anti-abolitionist mobs in the north
• disrupted anti slavery meetings
• beat and stoned speakers
• destroyed the printing press
• burned homes of wealthy benefactors
• vandalized free black movements
• In the south
• burned and censored anti-slavery literature
• offered rewards for capturing leading
  abolitionists to stand trial for inciting slave
  revolts
• tightened up slave codes and surveillance of free
  blacks.
• Democrats in congress passed a gag rule that
  automatically tabled anti-slavery petitions

18
Womens Rights Movement

• Feminism grew out of abolitionism
• Parallels between slaves women
• Considered biologically inferior
• Denied the vote
• Deprived of property or control of wages after
  marriage
• Barred from most occupations and advanced
  occupations

19
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton called
the First National Convention devoted to Womens
rights at Seneca Fall, New York
20
Seneca Falls Convention, 1848

• Seneca Falls Convention defined goals of womens
  movement for the rest of the century
• Declaration of Sentiments
• full female equality
• identified male patriarchy as the source of
  womens oppression
• demanded the vote
• New Yorks Married Womens Property Act of 1860
• established womens legal rights to their own
  wage income and to sue fathers and husbands who
  tried to deprive them of their wages.