Reform in America

1
Reform in America
2
Education Reform

• Efforts to Reform
• Public School Movement- (common school movement)
  establish free public school
• Horace Mann- helped to create a state board of
  education, state funding, and professional
  teachers.

3
Education Reform

• Results
• Some states fund public schools
• The amount of children attending school doubled
• Many women became teachers

4
Prison Reform

• Efforts to Reform
• Dorothea Dix- campaigned to improve conditions
  for the mentally ill
• Penitentiary movement- reform the conditions of
  prisons

5
Prison Reform

• Results
• Dorothea Dix helps to build humane hospitals for
  the mentally ill and eventually build the first
  modern mental hospitals
• Two new prison systems-
• 1. Pennsylvania System Prisoners urged to repent
  in solitary confinement
• 2. Auburn System Prisoners worked together
  during day, slept alone at night.

6
Social Reform

• Efforts to Reform
• Help rid American of crime, sickness, and poverty
• Temperance Movement- effort to end alcohol abuse
  (temperance drinking in moderation)

7
Social Reform

• Results
• Temperance Societies form to help educate people
  against alcohol abuse
• Laws are passed in some states to restrict the
  sale of alcohol

8
Antislavery movement

• Slaves resisted by sabotage or escape.
• Underground railroad provided a network of escape
  routes
• Many slaves led full revolts

9
AntiSlavery Movement

• Nat Turner- led a revolt in 1831 in Virginia
• Southerners passed strict laws to keep slaves
  from resisting
• Illegal to teach slaves to read
• Slaves could not gather in groups

10
Antislavery

• American Colonization Society (ACS)
• Established Liberia in Africa for freed slaves
• Some free African Americans moved to Liberia, but
  most stayed in the U.S.

11
Abolition

• Early 1800s, Americans who opposed slavery
  started to speak out.
• They wanted slavery abolished (ended)
• Became known as abolitionists
• The abolition movement begins!

12
Abolition Leaders

• William Lloyd Garrison- a leading abolitionist
• He used newspaper (The Liberator) to spread the
  idea of antislavery
• He founded the American Anti-Slavery Society
• Frederick Douglass- Former slave and abolitionist
• Gave lectures and told stories of his own life in
  slavery

13
Resisting Abolition

• Southerners argued that their economy depended on
  slavery
• Also that Christianity supported slavery
• Many northerners supported slavery
• Gag rule- prohibited discussion of slavery in
  Congress