Exploration

1
The Age of Exploration and Colonization
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Main Menu
Exploration Vocabulary
New France
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Colonization Vocabulary
New Spain
The Slave Trade
Causes of Exploration
Columbuss Voyage
The English Colonies
Famous Explorers
Effects of Exploration
New Netherlands
Columbian Exchange
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Exploration and Spanish Colonies Vocabulary
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• Feudalism
• Manor
• Crusades
• Astrolabe
• Renaissance
• Colony
• Circumnavigate
• Columbian Exchange
• Conquistador
• Pueblo
• Presidio
• Mission

13. Peninsulare 14. Creole 15. Mestizo 16.
Encomienda 17. Plantation 18. Northwest
passage 19. Missionary 20. Alliance 21.
Charter 22. House of Burgesses 23. Representative
government 24. parliament
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The English Colonies Vocabulary
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• 1. Burgess 16. slave code
• 2. racism 17. mercantilism
• 3. Parliament 18. Pilgrims
• 4. Persecution 19. Navigation Acts
• 5. Proprietary colony 20. Yankee
• 6. Quakers 21. triangular trade
• 7. Pennsylvania Dutch 22. legislature
• 8. Cash crop 24. gentry
• 9. Mason Dixon Line 25. indentured servant
• 10. Debtor 26. apprentice
• 11. Mayflower Compact 27. enlightenment
• 12. Thanksgiving 28. Middle Passage
• 13. Puritans
• 14. Religious toleration
• 15. Patroon

5
Feudalism

• Feudalism was a system of rule by lords who
  ruled their land but owed loyalty and military
  service to a monarch (king).

6
Manor

• A manor was land ruled by a lord, including
  the lords castle and the lands around it.

7
Crusades

• The Crusades were wars fought between Christians
  and Muslims over the holy land (Jerusalem)
  between the years 1095-1300.

Jerusalem
8
Astrolabe

• An astrolabe is a navigational
  instrument used to determine latitude while at
  sea.

9
Renaissance
France

• Renaissance is a French word meaning rebirth in
  learning. It is the name given to the time period
  in Europe between the years 1300 and 1600 in
  which there was a rebirth in learning.

10
Colony

• A colony is a group of people who settle in a
  distant land but are still ruled by the
  government of their native land.

11
Circumnavigate

• Circumnavigate is to travel all the way
  around the Earth.

12
Columbian Exchange

The Columbian Exchange was the trading of goods
and ideas resulting from the encounter between
the peoples of the Eastern and Western hemisphere.
From Europe, Africa, Asia to the
Americas Wheat Sugar Banana horse pig cow goat ch
icken smallpox typhus
From the Americas to Europe, Africa, and
Asia maize potato beans peanut pumpkin pineapple
tomato cocoa
13
Conquistador

• Conquistador was the name for the Spanish
  explorers who claimed lands in the Americas for
  Spain.

New Spain
14
Pueblo

• A Pueblo were towns in the Spanish Americas that
  were centers for trade and farming.

15
Presidios

• Presidios were forts where soldiers lived in the
  Spanish colonies.

16
Missions

• A mission was a religious settlement run by
  Catholic priests and friar in the Spanish
  colonies.

17
Peninsulare

• A peninsulare was a person from Spain who held a
  position of power in the Spanish colonies.

18
Creole

• A Creole was a person born in Spains American
  colonies to Spanish parents.

19
Mestizo

• A mestizo was a person of mixed Spanish and
  Indian background in the Spanish colonies.

20
Encomienda

• An encomienda was a land grant given by the
  Spanish government to Spanish settlers that
  included the right to demand labor or taxes from
  Native Americans.

21
Plantation

• A plantation is a large farm farmed by many
  workers.

22
Northwest Passage

• The Northwest Passage is a natural waterway
  through or around North America.

23
Missionary

• A missionary is a person who tries to spread
  certain religious beliefs among a group of
  people.

24
Alliance

• An alliance is an agreement between nations to
  aid and protect one another.

25
Charter

• A charter is a legal document giving certain
  rights to a person or company.

26
House of Burgesses

• The House of Burgesses was the first
  representative government in the English colonies
  and was located in colonial Virginia.

27
Representative Government

• A representative government is a political
  system in which voters elect representatives to
  make laws for them.

28
England
Parliament

• A parliament is the representative assembly in
  England.

29
Burgess

• A burgess was a representative to the colonial
  Virginia government.

30
Racism

• Racism is the belief that one race is superior
  to another.

31
Parliament

• Parliament is the representative assembly in
  England. Parliament makes the laws of Great
  Britain. Congress, our legislative body, is
  modeled after parliament.

Great Britain
32
Persecution

• Persecution is the mistreatment or punishment of
  a group of people because of their beliefs.

33
Proprietary colony

• A proprietary colony was a English colony in
  which the king gave land to proprietors in
  exchange for a yearly payment.

34
Quakers

• A Quaker was a protestant reformer who believed
  in the equality of all people.

William Penn
Quaker and founder of Pennsylvania
35
Pennsylvania Dutch
Germany

• The Pennsylvania Dutch were German speaking
  Protestants who settled in Pennsylvania.

36
Cash Crop

• A cash crop is a crop sold on the World market
  for money.

37
Mason Dixon Line

• The Mason-Dixon line was a boundary between
  Pennsylvania and Maryland that divided the Middle
  Colonies from the Southern Colonies.

Mason Dixon Line
38
Debtor

• A debtor is a person who cannot pay money he or
  she owes.

39
Mayflower Compact

• The Mayflower Compact was a 1620 agreement for
  ruling the Plymouth Colony, signed by Pilgrims
  before they landed at Plymouth.

40
Thanksgiving

• Thanksgiving is the day at the end of the
  harvest season set aside by the Pilgrims to give
  thanks to god.

41
Puritans

• The Puritans were a group of English Protestants
  who settled the Massachusetts Bay colony.

42
Religious Toleration

• Religious toleration is the willingness to let
  others practice their own beliefs.

43
Patroon

• A patroon was a owner of a huge estate in the
  Dutch colonies.

Hudson River
New Netherlands (the Dutch) settled along the
Hudson River and Long Island.)
44
Slave Code

• Slave codes were laws that controlled the lives
  of enslaved African Americans and denied them
  basic rights.

45
Mercantilism

• Mercantilism is a the theory that a nations
  economic strength came from protecting and
  increasing its home economy by keeping strict
  control over its colonial trade.

46
Pilgrims

• In the 1600s, the Pilgrims were English settlers
  who sought religious freedom in the Americas.

47
Navigation Acts

• Navigation Acts were series of laws passed by
  the English parliament in the 1650s that
  regulated trade between England and its colonies.

48
Yankee

• Yankee was the nickname for New England
  merchants who dominated colonial trade.

49
Triangular Trade

• Triangular Trade was the colonial trade route
  between New England, the West Indies, and Africa.

50
Legislature

• A legislature is a group of people who have the
  power to make laws.

51
Gentry

• Gentry was the highest social class in the 13
  English colonies.

52
Indentured Servant

• An indentured servant was a person who agreed to
  work without wages for a period of time in
  exchange for passage to the colonies.

53
Apprentice

• An apprentice is a person who learns a trade or
  craft from a master.

54
Enlightenment

• The Enlightenment was a movement in Europe in
  the 1600s and 1700s that stressed the use of
  reason.

Europe
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Causes of Exploration
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56
The Crusades
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• The crusades led to exploration because
  Europeans brought back many devices that could be
  used for navigation like the magnetic compass and
  the astrolabe.
• They also brought back items like silk and spice.
  Trade then start between Europe and the Middle
  East.
• At first, trade took place by overland routes,
  but eventually European countries sought water
  routes to get to places like India.

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The Renaissance

• In the 1500s, Johannes Gutenberg invented movable
  type and the printing press. This invention led
  to more books being created. People were learning
  more about the world.
• The Renaissance helped start exploration because
  for the first time Europeans learned about
  different places and cultures from books.

58
Columbus's Voyage
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• After Columbus discovered the New World other
  countries sent out explorers to seek routes to
  the east and to explorer the New World.

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Christopher Columbus

• Christopher Columbus was and Italian sailor who
  was hired by the King and Queen of Spain to find
  a route to the East Indies.
• Columbus planned to sail west to reach the East
  Indies.
• In 1492, Columbus set sail with three ships the
  Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria.
• A Month later Columbus landed in what now is the
  West Indies.

West Indies
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Christopher Columbus

• Columbus explored the West Indies and then sailed
  back to Spain with things he found to include
  tobacco, pineapples and pearls.
• The King was impressed with Columbuss discovery
  and financed three other Voyages by Columbus.
• On his second exploration in 1493, Columbus
  founded the first Spanish colony in the Americas
  on the island he called Hispaniola (modern day
  countries of Haiti and Dominican Republic).

Hispaniola
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Effects of Exploration
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• Exploration of the World changed the World
  forever. Many of the effects of exploration in
  the 1400s and 1500s can be still seen today.
  Exploration led to the colonization of the New
  World, introduction of new foods and cultures to
  different parts of the World and led to the
  destruction of Native American empires in the
  Americas.
• Effects of Exploration are
• 1. Columbian Exchange
• 2. Colonization
• 3. Changed Native American culture in the
  Americas
• 4. Slave trade begins

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Columbian Exchange
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• The Columbian Exchange was named after
  Christopher Columbus.
• It was the trade network that resulted from his
  discovery of the New World.
• For the first time, goods and ideas were traded
  between the eastern hemisphere and the western
  hemisphere.
• New foods were introduced as well as cultures.
• Unfortunately, diseases were introduced to the
  Native Americans, which would lead to the death
  of millions of Native Americans.

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Columbian Exchange

• Below is a map of foods and other items
  introduced from the Columbian Exchange.

From Europe, Africa, Asia to the
Americas Wheat Sugar Banana horse pig cow goat ch
icken smallpox typhus
From the Americas to Europe, Africa, and
Asia maize potato beans peanut pumpkin pineapple
tomato cocoa
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Colonization

• After explorers claimed regions of the New World
  while searching for a Northwest passage, European
  began sending settlers to these areas to start
  colonies.
• European rulers saw the opportunity to make much
  money by starting colonies in the New World based
  on the economic theory of mercantilism.

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Impact on Native Americans

• Not all the effects of exploration were positive.
• Exploration had a negative impact on Native
  Americans.
• In the 1500s, both the Aztec and Inca Empires
  were conquered by the Spanish Conquistadors.
• Millions of Native Americans died from diseases
  brought over by Europeans.
• As more counties colonized the Americas, Native
  Americans were pushed off their land by force and
  through treaties.

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Famous Explorers
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• After Columbuss discovery of the New World,
  many nations sent out explorers to search for
  the Northwest Passage. While exploring for the
  Northwest passage, explorers claimed areas in the
  New World for the country they were exploring
  for.
• By Country
• Viking Explorers
• Portuguese Explorers
• English Explorers
• French Explorers
• Spanish Explorers

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Leif Ericson
Viking Explorers

• Before Columbus explored the New World, Vikings
  visited North America.
• Vikings were people from Scandinavia in Northern
  Europe.
• In 1001, the Viking Leif Ericson reached the
  Northern part of North America in what is
  presently known as New Foundland. He called the
  Area Vinland.

Scandinavia
New Foundland
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Portuguese Explorers

• Portugal led the way in Exploration.
• Famous Portugal sailors
• Prince Henry the Navigator
• Bartholomew Dias
• Vasco da Gama

Portugal
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Prince Henry the Navigator

• Prince Henry of Portugal, known as Prince Henry
  the Navigator, started a navigation school in
  Portugal in the early 1400s.
• Portuguese sailors invented a new kind of ship
  called the caravel.

70
French Explorers

• Samuel de Champlain
• Jacques Marquette
• Robert de LaSalle
• Jacques Cartier

France
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Jacques Cartier

• Explored the St. Lawrence River.

St. Lawrence River
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Samuel de Champlain

• Explored what is know the St. Lawrence River
  and Lake Champlain.

St. Lawrence River
Lake Champlain
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Jacques Marquette And Louis Joliet

• Jacques Marquette was a French missionary who set
  out to reach the Mississippi River in 1673.
• They followed the river for 700 miles before
  turning back.

74
Robert de Lasalle

• Explored the entire Mississippi River all the way
  down to the Gulf of Mexico.
• He named the region Louisiana after King Louis
  XIV.

75
English Explorers

• John Cabot
• Henry Hudson

England
76
John Cabot

• John Cabot was an Italian explorer who explored
  North America in 1497.
• He explored what is present day New Foundland.

New Foundland
New Foundland
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Henry Hudson

• Henry Hudson sailed for the Netherlands and for
  England.
• In 1609, he explored what is know New York harbor
  and explored up the Hudson River which is named
  after him.
• While exploring the Hudson bay for the Northwest
  passage, his crew rebelled and sent him adrift in
  a boat with his son and seven loyal sailors
• He was never seen again.

Hudson Bay
78
Hernado Cortes

• Cortes like other conquistadors, heard of
  wealthy Native American empires in the New World
  and soon set to conquer them.
• In 1519, Cortes, along with 600 soldiers, set out
  to Mexico to seek out theses empires.
• Cortes soon found the Aztec Empire and captured
  its emperor, Montezuma and the capital city,
  Tenochtitlan.

79
Spanish Explorers

• Spain sent Conquistadors to the Americas in the
  1500s. These conquistadors were interested in
  gold and glory. In their quest for both, they
  made Spain very wealthy.
• Famous Spanish Explorers
• Hernando Cortes
• Juan Ponce de Leon
• Francisco Coronado
• Hernando de Soto
• Christopher Columbus
• Ferdinand Magellan
• Francisco Pizarro

Spain
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Juan Ponce de Leon

• He explored the present day country of Florida
  searching for the Fountain of Youth in 1513.

81
Francisco Coronado

• He explored the what is now the southwest
  United States looking for the Seven Cities of
  Gold in 1540.
• He found no such cities.

82
Hernado de Soto

• He explored what is now the southeast part of the
  United States looking for gold.
• He died along the Mississippi River in 1539 not
  finding any gold.

83
Ferdindand Magellan

• He is the first person given credit from
  circumnavigating the Earth.
• He actually did not sail around the World.
• In 1519, he began his voyage with five ships and
  250 crew members.
• He was killed in a battle in the Philippines in
  1522.
• Only one ship and 18 survivors made it back to
  Spain

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Francisco Pizarro

• He conquered the Inca Empire in 1532.

85
New France

• Samuel Champlain founded Port Royal, the first
  permanent French settlement in North America in
  1605.
• He also built a trading post and called it
  Quebec.
• Unlike the Spanish, the French profited from
  fishing, trapping, and fur trading in the New
  World.
• French missionaries also came to the New World to
  spread Christianity to Native Americans.

86
New Spain
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Spain
87
Spanish Conquistadors

• Conquistadors were given authority by the king of
  Spain to start settlements in New World as along
  as they gave him one fifth of the gold they
  found.
• Hernando Cortes defeated the Aztecs in 1519.
• Francisco Pizarro defeated the Incas in 1532.

88
Spanish Settlements

• At first, the king of Spain let the conquistadors
  govern the lands they conquered. Conquistadors
  proved to be poor rulers and were only interested
  searching for gold. In 1535, the king divided the
  Spanish empire into two regions and appointed a
  viceroy to rule each region.
• The Law of Indies stated how the colonies should
  be organized and ruled.
• The code provided for three kinds of settlements
  in New Spain. They were Presidios, pueblos, and
  missions.

89
Treatment of Native Americans

• In the Spanish colonies Native Americans were
  forced to work on mines, ranches and farms.

90
Social Class System in the Spanish Colonies

• In the Spanish colonies there was four social
  classes.

91
New France
France
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92
Location

• New France was located along the St. Lawrence
  River and the Great Lakes.

New France
93
Economy

• The economy of New France was based upon the fur
  trade.
• They also profited from fishing as well.

94
Missionaries

• Missionaries usually traveled with fur traders.
• They wanted to teach Native Americans to
  Christianity.
• Two Famous missionaries were Jacques Marquette
  and Louis Joliet.

95
Government

• New France was governed very much like New Spain.
• The king of France ruled New France directly and
  appointed a council to make all decisions in New
  France.

96
New Netherlands
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Netherlands
New Netherlands
97
Early Settlements

• Peter Minuit started New Amsterdam in 1626 on
  Manhattan Island.
• He bought the Island from Native Americans.
• Other Dutch settlers settled farther up the
  Hudson River.
• Both settlements were referred to as New
  Netherlands.

Hudson River
Long Island
98
Location

• Located along the Hudson River and Manhattan
  Island.

Hudson River
Long Island
99
Economy

• The Dutch who came from the Netherlands to the
  New World set up trading posts and profited from
  the fur trade.
• The Dutch in New Netherlands and the French in
  New France became rivals in the fur trade.
• Both the French and the Dutch made alliances
  with Native American groups and fighting followed
  for many years.

100
New Netherlands Becomes New York

• By 1664, the English and Dutch were competing for
  colonies and trade in the New World.
• England sent its navy to New Netherlands and
  seized New Amsterdam.
• Peter Stuyvesant, the governor of New Netherlands
  at the time, turned over the colony to England.
• King Charles II then gave the colony to his
  brother, Duke of York, to rule.

101
The English Colonies
England
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102
Location

• The English thirteen colonies were located along
  the east coast of North America.

103
Social Classes
104
Middle Class

• The Middle class was below the gentry.
• The Middle class included farmers, skilled
  craftsmen, trades people.
• Nearly three quarters of all white colonists
  belonged to the middle class.

105
Slaves

• The first slaves arrived in Virginia in 1619.

106
Reasons for Settlement

• There were many reasons why people came
• to the English colonies. Some reasons were
• Religious freedom
• Political freedom
• Economic opportunities

107
Religious Groups in the Colonies

• There were many different religious groups in the
  Thirteen colonies.
• These groups came to the New World to escape
  persecution from their home countries.
• Below are a few religious groups who came to the
• New World for religious freedom.
• 1. Puritans
• 2. Pilgrims
• 3. Quakers

108
Early Settlements

• The first English colony was tried by Sir Walter
  Raleigh on Roanoke Island off the coast of
  present day North Carolina.
• In 1587, 117 colonists landed on Roanoke Island.
  Within one year, the colonists began to run low
  on food and other supplies. Their leader, John
  White left the colonists and sailed back to
  England to get more supplies. When he returned,
  the colonists had disappeared, never to be seen
  or heard from again.

109
Jamestown

• Jamestown was the first permanent English
  settlement.
• It was established in 1607 with 107 colonists.
• The colony started off disastrous. Many of the
  colonists quarreled with one another. Many also
  died from diseases. It wasnt until John Smith
  took control and establish strict rules that
  forced colonists to work towards the colonies
  survival. Under his strict command, the colony
  rebounded and survived its early years.

110
Jamestown

• The success of Jamestown was due largely in part
  to Tobacco.
• The colonists of Jamestown learned how to grow
  tobacco from Native Americans.
• Colonists began exporting tobacco to England by
  1620.

Tobacco Leaf
111
Pilgrims

• The Pilgrims established a colony at Plymouth
  Massachusetts in 1620.
• They established the colony so they could
  practice their religion freely.
• They created the Mayflower Compact in order to
  effectively govern the new colony.

112
Pilgrims
Squanto

• The Pilgrims wanted their own colony because they
  were being persecuted against in England.
• The Pilgrims experienced many of the same
  hardships as the colonists in Jamestown.
• Nearly half of the 100 settlers died after the
  first winter.
• The pilgrims then received help from Native
  Americans including a Native American called
  Squanto .
• In the fall the Pilgrims celebrated their good
  harvest by giving thanks. This celebration became
  known as Thanksgiving, which is celebrated each
  year as a national holiday.

113
Puritans
John Winthrop

• The Puritans were another religious group who
  settled in Massachusetts.
• Unlike the Pilgrims, the Puritans did not
  separate entirely from the Church of England.
• They wanted to reform the church with simpler
  forms of worship, like no organ music and no
  special clothes worn by the priests.
• In 1629, John Winthrop led 1,000 settlers to the
  Massachusetts colony and he became the first
  governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
• Under his leadership, the colony grew and by
  1640, 15,000 Puritans traveled from England to
  the colony. This was called the Great Migration.

114
Quakers
William Penn

• The Quakers were a religious group who believed
  all people were equal in Gods eyes. They were
  against war and would not serve in the military.
• William Penn, a Quaker, established a colony
  where all religions could come and not be
  persecuted. This colony was called Pennsylvania.
• Pennsylvania, in Latin, means Penns woods in
  honor to William Penn.

115
The New England Colonies
116
The New England Colonies

• The New England Colonies consisted of
• 1. Massachusetts
• 2. Connecticut
• 3. Rhode Island

117
Massachusetts

• The Pilgrims started Plymouth colony in 1620.
• The Puritans started the Massachusetts Bay colony
  in 1630.

Plymouth Colony
118
Connecticut

• Connecticut was founded by Thomas Hooker in 1662.
• He founded the colony because he thought the
  Massachusetts colony was too strict religiously.

119
Rhode Island
Roger Williams

• Rhode Island was founded 1636 by Roger Williams.
• Rhode Island became the most religious tolerant
  colony of the New England colonies.

120
Religious Groups

• The Puritans and Pilgrims were the main
  religious groups in the New England colonies.

121
Life in the New England Colonies

• The puritans believed people should take part in
  government and social matters. Because of this
  belief, New England towns were very tightly knit
  communities.
• At the center of every village was a common.
  Located nearby was a meeting house where the men
  met to make decisions concerning the town.
• The Puritans worked every day except on Sundays,
  the Sabbath. It was against the law to work or
  play on the Sabbath. Puritans believed that to
  get to heaven one must work hard.

122
The Economy

• Because the soil in the New England colonies is
  very rocky, colonists learned other ways to make
  a living.
• Major industries in the New England colonies
  were
• Lumber
• Fishing
• Whaling
• Ship building

123
Education

• New Englanders were the most concerned with
  education.
• Puritans believed that its was important to know
  how to read, so one can read the bible.
• Massachusetts set up the first public schools.
• Each town hired a school teacher who lived with
  the townspeople and received payment in the form
  of peas and corn, etc..
• School houses were one room buildings with
  students of different ages all in one room.

124
The Middle Colonies
125
The Middle Colonies

• The Middle colonies consisted of
• New York
• Pennsylvania
• New Jersey
• Delaware

126
New York

• By 1664, the English and Dutch were competing for
  colonies and trade in the New World.
• England sent its navy to New Netherlands and
  seized New Amsterdam.
• Peter Stuyvesant, the governor of New Netherlands
  at the time, turned over the colony to England.
• King Charles II then gave the colony to his
  brother, Duke of York, to rule.

127
Pennsylvania

• The Quakers were a religious group who believed
  all people were equal in Gods eyes. They were
  against war and would not serve in the military.
• William Penn, a Quaker, established a colony
  where all religions could come and not be
  persecuted. This colony was called Pennsylvania.
• Pennsylvania, in Latin, means Penns woods, named
  after William Penn.

128
New Jersey

• New Jersey was actually part of New York up until
  1664. In that year, the Duke of York decided the
  colony of New York was to big to be governed and
  gave land to his friends Lord Berkeley and Sir
  George Carteret to start a new colony.
• They called it New Jersey after Jersey island in
  the English Channel.

129
Delaware

• Delaware actually was part of Pennsylvania prior
  to 1701. In that year, William Penn allowed the
  settlers their to break away and form their own
  colony.

130
Religious Groups

• The Middle colonies had many religious groups.
• The middle colonies were the most tolerant of
  different religions.
• The Quakers settled in Pennsylvania.

131
Life in the Middle Colonies

• The middle colonies had many different religious
  and cultural groups.
• They were considered the mixing pot of the
  Thirteen colonies.
• Most people made their living by farming.

132
The Economy

• Most people were farmers because the land was
  more fertile than the New England.
• The major cash crop of the Middle colonies was
  grain.
• So much grain was exported from the Middle
  colonies it became known as the Breadbasket
  Colony.
• The Middle colonies also had made skilled
  artisans,who lived in many of the large port
  cities like Philadelphia and New York.

133
Education

• In the middle colonies, private schools were
  started by churches and individual families.
• Only wealthy families could afford to send their
  children off to school.

134
The Southern Colonies
135
The Southern Colonies

• The Southern Colonies consisted of
• Virginia
• North Carolina and South Carolina
• Georgia
• Maryland

136
Virginia

• The Virginia colony started in 1606 when King
  James the I gave land to the Virginia Company of
  London.
• The first permanent settlement in Virginia was
  Jamestown, which was named after King James I.

137
North Carolina and South Carolina

• North Carolina was Established in 1712 and
  settled by poor tobacco farmers from Virginia.
• South Carolina was started in 1719.
• Both are named after King George II, the King
  England who gave individuals land to start both
  colonies.

138
Georgia
James Oglethorpe

• Georgia was the last of the English thirteen
  colonies.
• James Oglethorpe was the founder of the colony.
• He founded the colony in 1732.
• He started the colony so debtors could start a
  new life.

139
Maryland

• In 1634, Lord Baltimore started the colony
• of Maryland for Catholics.

140
Religious Groups

• Many Catholics settled in the Southern colonies

141
Life in the Southern Colonies

• Farming was how people made a living in the south
  because of the good climate and soil.
• The plantation system was used in the south.
• Slave codes were used to control slaves.

142
Economy

• Farming was the major industry in the Southern
  Colonies.
• Farmers grew many different cash crops in the
  South like tobacco, indigo, rice and cotton.

143
Vasco Da Gama

• Vasco Da Gama found a sea route to Asia by
  sailing around the tip of Africa to India in
  1497.
• This gave Portugal a route to the far east that
  other countries could not use.
• This led to Columbuss idea to sail west to India
  to find an alternate route to the far east.

144
Education

• In the Southern colonies, there were no public
  schools because families were so far apart.
• Wealthy families sent their children to private
  schools or hired tutors to teach their children.

145
Bartolomeu Dias

• Portuguese sailor who sailed along the Western
  side of Africa in 1488.
• He was searching for a sea route to Asia.
• He stopped at the tip of southern Africa and went
  back to Portugal.

146
Columbus's Voyage

• After Columbus discovered the New World, other
  countries sent out explorers to seek routes to
  the east and to explorer the New World.

147
Columbian Exchange
Click title to go back

• The Columbian Exchange was named after
  Christopher Columbus.
• It was the trade network that resulted from his
  discovery of the New World.
• For the first time, goods and ideas were traded
  between the eastern hemisphere and the western
  hemisphere.
• New foods were introduced as well as cultures.
• Unfortunately, diseases were introduced to the
  Native Americans.

148
Columbian Exchange

• Below is a map of foods and other items
  introduced from the Columbian Exchange.

From the Americas to Europe, Africa, and
Asia maize potato beans peanut pumpkin pineapple
tomato cocoa
From Europe, Africa, Asia to the
Americas Wheat Sugar Banana horse pig cow goat ch
icken smallpox typhus
149
Treatment of Native Americans

• In the Spanish colonies, Native Americans were
  forced to work on mines, ranches and farms.

150
Mestizo

• A mestizo was a person of mixed Spanish and
  Indian background in the Spanish colonies.

151
Creole

• A Creole was a person born in Spains American
  colonies to Spanish parents.

152
Peninsulare

• A peninsulare was a person from Spain who held a
  position of power in the Spanish colony.

153
Gentry

• Gentry was the highest social class in the 13
  English colonies.

154
Indentured Servant

• An indentured servant was a person who agreed to
  work without wages for a period of time in
  exchange for passage to the colonies.

155
Christopher Columbus
Click title to go back

• Christopher Columbus was and Italian sailor who
  was hired by the King and Queen of Spain to find
  a route to the East Indies.
• Columbus planned to sail west to reach the East
  Indies.
• In 1492, Columbus set sail with three ships the
  Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria.
• A Month later, Columbus landed in what is now the
  West Indies.

156
Christopher Columbus

• Columbus explored the West Indies and then sailed
  back to Spain with things he found to include
  tobacco, pineapples and pearls.
• The King was impressed with Columbuss discovery
  and financed three other Voyages by Columbus.
• On his second exploration, in 1493, Columbus
  founded the first Spanish colony in the Americas
  on the island he called Hispaniola (modern day
  countries of Haiti and Dominican Republic).

157
Crusades

• The Crusades were wars fought between Christians
  and Muslims over the holy land between the years
  1095-1300.

158
Renaissance

• Renaissance is a French word meaning rebirth in
  learning. It is the name given to the time period
  in Europe between the years 1300 and 1600, in
  which there was a rebirth in learning.

159
Northwest Passage

• The Northwest Passage was natural waterway
  through or around North America. This waterway
  was searched for by many European explorers and
  was never found.

160
Mercantilism

• Mercantilism is the theory that a nations
  economic strength came from protecting and
  increasing its home economy by keeping strict
  control over its colonial trade.

161
Pueblo

• A Pueblo were towns in the Spanish Americas that
  were centers for trade and farming.

162
Presidios

• Presidios were forts where soldiers lived in the
  Spanish colonies.

163
Missions

• A mission was a religious settlement run by
  Catholic priests and friars in the Spanish
  colonies.

164
Mayflower Compact

• The Mayflower Compact was a 1620 agreement for
  ruling the Plymouth Colony, signed by Pilgrims
  before they landed at Plymouth.

165
Directions
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• To navigate this presentation, click on the
  title of the page you are on to return to the
  previous page or an action button( ), if one is
  present.

166
Slave Trade Begins
Click to go back to main menu

• The first Africans arrived in the New World in
  1619 at Jamestown, Virginia.
• Many of the early Africans were free men and
  women.
• Approximately 15 black men and 17 black women
  lived in Virginia by 1619.

The Middle Passage
167
Slave Trade Begins

• By the late 1600s, the slavery expanded in the
  New World.
• In the beginning, plantation owners in the New
  World used Native Americans as slaves, but many
  died from diseases brought by the Europeans.
• Africans were then used because they were not as
  likely to be affected by European diseases.

The Middle Passage
168
Slave Trade Begins

• By the late 1700, the slave trade started.
• Slave ships began transporting slaves from the
  West coast of Africa to the New World. The slaves
  were then sold at auctions. This route across the
  Atlantic Ocean to the New World was called the
  Middle Passage. The Middle Passage was part of
  the Triangular trade route that started between
  the New World, Europe and Africa.
• Roughly 2 to 3 million slaves were brought to the
  New World from 1500 to the 1800s.
• Approximately 10 of the slaves aboard each slave
  ship died from diseases, mistreatment, or suicide.

The Middle Passage
169
Slave Trade Begins
Click to go back

• The first Africans arrived in the New World in
  1619 at Jamestown, Virginia.
• Many of the early Africans were free men and
  women.
• Approximately 15 black men and 17 black women
  lived in Virginia by 1619.

The Middle Passage
170
Slave Trade Begins

• By the late 1600s, the slavery expanded in the
  New World.
• In the beginning, plantation owners in the New
  World used Native Americans as slaves, but many
  died from diseases brought by the Europeans.
• Africans were then used because they were not as
  likely to be affected by European diseases.

The Middle Passage
171
Slave Trade Begins

• By the late 1700, the slave trade started.
• Slave ships began transporting slaves from the
  West coast of Africa to the New World. The slaves
  were then sold at auctions. This route across the
  Atlantic Ocean to the New World was called the
  Middle Passage. The Middle Passage was part of
  the Triangular trade route that started between
  the New World, Europe and Africa.
• Roughly 2 to 3 million slaves were brought to the
  New World from 1500 to the 1800s.
• Approximately 10 of the slaves aboard each slave
  ship died from diseases, mistreatment or suicide.

The Middle Passage
172
Middle Passage
Trading Route that brought slaves from Africa to
the New World.