The Age of Exploration

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The Age of Exploration
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Parts of a Ship
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Age of Pirates
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• A Pirates Creed
• Ye Captain shall have full command during the
  time of engagement, and shall have authority at
  all other times to conduct the ship accordingly. 
  He who disobeys him may be punished unless the
  majority vote against the punishment.
• If ye Captain's vessel is shipwrecked, the crew
  pledges to remain until he has possessed himself
  of a vessel.  If the vessel is the common
  property of the crew, the first vessel captured
  shall belong to ye Captain with one share of the
  spoil.
• If ye introduce on board a woman in disguise, ye
  shall be punished to death.
• If one Brother steals from another, his nose or
  ears are to be cut off.  If he sins again, he is
  to be given a musket, bullets, lead and a bottle
  of water and marooned on an island.
• If there is any doubt in a dispute between ye
  Brothers, a court of honor is to decide the
  verdict.  If a Brother is proved in the wrong,
  the first time he shall be pardoned, but should
  he offend again, he shall be tied to a gun, and
  there shall receive from each of the ship's
  company one strike of the lash.  The same
  punishment shall be given to ye among us,
  including officers, who shall get drunk, while on
  the ship, to the point of losing ye senses.
• Whoever shall be placed on sentry, and upon his
  post shall go to sleep, shall in the first case
  be lashed by all the Brothers, and should he
  again offend, his head shall be split.
• All ye who shall plot to desert, or having
  deserted shall be captured, shall have ye heads
  split open.
• Quarrels between several Brothers whilst aboard
  ye ship shall be settled ashore with pistol and
  sword.  He that draws first blood shall be the
  victor.  No striking another whilst aboard ye
  ship.
•  

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Myths Omens

• Unlucky FridayChrists Crucifixion
• Women on BoardBad Luck
• Evil in BananasMany Banana ships sank
• Whistling on BoardChange in Course of Wind
• Go-Easy CaptainsCrew did not Fear him
• Sirens--Singing Mermaids lured Men overboard
• Superstition at Sea
• (read handout)

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Famous Pirates

• Blackbeard Calico Jack Anne
  Bonny

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Chapter 6 The Age of Exploration 1500 -1800

• Section 1 Exploration and Expansion
• Motives and Means
• A. Europeans had been attracted to Asia for
  hundreds of
• years.
• - 13th Century Marco Polo wrote about his
  travels to China in The Travels. It was read by
  many.
• - 14th Century conquest by the Ottoman
  Turks reduced the ability of Europeans to travel
  by land to the far east. Therefore, people start
  to think about traveling to Asia by sea.

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Marco Polo The Travels
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Ottoman Turks
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Economic motives

• - Wanted spices used to preserve and flavor
  food were very expensive after being shipped
  across land by Arab middlemen
• The 3 Gs God, Gold, Glory!!!
• - Wanted precious metals gold and silver
• - Spread the Catholic faith to natives

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C. Means

• - 15th century European monarchs had increase
  their power and resources.
• - New technology made sailing beyond Europe
  possible.
• - by 1500, cartographers had made
  accurate maps (mercator projection maps) of the
  area explored.

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• Compass Astrolabe Improved Ships

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2. The Portuguese Trading Empire

• A. Portugal led the way in overseas exploration.
• B. Prince Henry the Navigator Sailed along
  coast of Africa
• discovered new sources of Gold

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Portugal Prince Henry The
Navigator
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Bartholomeu Dias first to sail around southern
tip of Africa becomes known as Cape of Good
Hope opened trade with Asia
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D. Vasco da Gama first to reach the spice port
of Calicut, India
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E. Portugal was able to build this trading empire
because of their guns and knowledge and skill of
navigating the seas.
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3. Voyages to the Americas

• A. Spanish wanted to sail West to reach the
  spice islands establish their own trade routes

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B. Christopher Columbus sailed westward for
Spain explored Cuba, Hispaniola all major
Caribbean Islands and Honduras called all the
Indies
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C. Line of Demarcation

• C. Line of Demarcation was created because
  both Spain and Portugal feared the other would
  claim some of its newly discovered territories.

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Treaty of Tordesillas

• - Treaty of Tordesillas set the line of
  demarcation an imaginary line that ran north
  and south Spain had right to explore anything
  west of the line and Portugal anything east of
  the line.

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D. Soon other European countries join the race
to claim and explore the Americas

• - England John Cabot explored New England
  coastline

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Portugal - Pedro Cabral explored and what is
today Brazil
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Amerigo Vespucci cartographer mapped the new
world and in letters and on maps referred to the
new lands as the Americas

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The Spanish Empire

• A. Conquistadors people who conquered the
  Americas
• B. Hernan Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire in
  Central
• Mexico.

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• C. Francisco Pizzaro Conquered the Incan Empire
  in Peru.
• D. Government system of colonial administration

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• - Queen Isabella declared the Indians her
  subjects.
• - granted encomienda use Native Americans as
  labors put to work on sugar plantations and gold
  and silver mines treated poorly

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• E. European diseases smallpox, measles, typhus
  killed millions of Indians because they were
  not immune.
• F. European systems of religion, language,
  culture, and government destroyed native American
  society.

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5. Economic Impact and Competition

• A. European conquers sought gold and silver
  caused (inflation)
• B. Columbian Exchange extensive exchange of
  plants and animals between old and new worlds
  better nutrition result people live longer

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C. New Rivals Enter the Scene (Asia)

• Ferdinand Magellan claimed Philippine Islands for
  Spain became a major base for trade in the
  Pacific.

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• - Portuguese controlled the spice trade in Europe
  and Asia for most of 1500s.

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- 1600s, the Dutch replace the Portuguese as the
major European power started East India Company
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-1700s and 1800s, English and French contributed
to the decline of the Dutch trading empire.

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• D. Commercial Revolution increased international
  trade with the development of colonies and
  trading post
• E. Mercantilism economic theory that held that
  the prosperity of a nation depended on a large
  supply of gold and silver.
• - should export more than you import
  (balance of trade)