Age of Exploration

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Age of Exploration

• Europeans Explore the East

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Background

• Crusades of Middle Ages
• 1275 Marco Polo visited Kublai Kahn in China
• Renaissance spirit of adventure curiosity

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God, Glory, Gold

• Find new sources of wealth
• New trade routes
• Spread Christianity

To serve God and His Majesty, to give light to
those who were in darkness and to grow rich as
all men desire to do. Bartolomeu Dias
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New Technology

• Cartography map-making
• Caravel sturdier ship
• Triangular sails better against wind
• Navigational techniques
• Astrolabe (Muslims)
• Magnetic compass (Chinese)

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Portugal Leads the Way

• Strong govt support of exploration
• Prince Henry the Navigator
• Sought treasures spread of Christianity
• Founded navigational school
• Est. trading posts on coast of Africa
• Began attempt to find sea route to Asia

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Early Portuguese Exploration

• 1488 Bartolomeu Dias sailed to Cape of Good
  Hope (tip of S. Africa)
• 1497 Vasco da Gama reached port of Calicut,
  India
• Direct sea route to Asia

Da Gama
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Spain Follows Portugals Lead

• 1492 Christopher Columbus reached island in
  Caribbean
• Increased tensions between Spain Portugal
• Pope Alexander IV created Line of Demarcation
• Lands to the west of the line Spains
• Lands to the east of the line Portugals
• 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas moved line
  farther west

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Portugals Trading Empire

• Took control of spice trade form Muslim merchants
• Controlled of the Straits of Hormuz, Strait of
  Malacca
• Broke Muslim-Italian dominance on trade
• More Europeans could afford goods

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Spains Trading Empire

• 1521 Ferdinand Magellan arrived in Philippines
• Claimed settled the islands

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Other European Exploration

• England, Netherlands, France
• Created companies to mint , make treaties, raise
  armies
• Dutch Republic (Netherlands) independence from
  Spain in 1581
• Leading sea power largest fleet of ships
• Dutch East India Company

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Other European Exploration

• Dutch made trade headquarters _at_ Batavia on island
  of Java
• Ruled Indonesia controlled Indian Ocean trade
• Controlled Cape of Good Hope
• Amsterdam became leading commercial center

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Other European Exploration

• England English East India Company
• Outposts in India traded Indian cloth
• France French East India Company
• Struggled for outpost in India (not profitable)
• European influence in inland S.E. Asia was
  limited