Competing Claims in North America

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Competing Claims in North America

• Chapter 20 Section 2

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European Nations Settle North America

• Magellan shows ships can travel around the globe.
• Spain claims the right to sail around the
  southern tip of South America.
• Search for a northwest route to Asia begins.
• The French, Dutch, and English establish North
  American colonies.

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Explorers Establish New France

• Giovanni da Verazzano discovered New York
  Harbor.
• Jacques Cartier charts the Saint Lawrence River
  to Montreal.
• Samuel de Champlain claims the region that is now
  Quebec for France.
• Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet explore the
  Great Lakes and the Mississippi River.
• Robert Sieur de la Salle claims Louisiana for
  France.

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Jacques Cartier
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• Giovanni da Verrazzano

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Samuel de Champlain arrives in Quebec.
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• Jacques Marquette

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A Trading Empire

• The French want a trading network. They are not
  interested in establishing large towns.
• Catholic priests want to convert the natives.
• Frances main economic activity in New France was
  the fur trade.
• In general, the French want to make money off the
  land, not occupy it.

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The English Settle at Jamestown

• In 1607, The English send three ships and more
  than 100 settlers to establish Jamestown,
  Virginia.
• Initially, the colony is a disaster. Seven out
  of ten settlers died.
• High demand for tobacco in England made it a
  profitable cash crop.
• Jamestown becomes the first successful permanent
  English colony in North America.

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Puritans Create a New England

• Pilgrims seeking religious freedom establish
  Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.
• Puritans establish Massachusetts Bay Colony in
  1628.
• Puritans want to purify the Church of England,
  the Anglican Church.

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The Dutch Found New Netherland

• The Dutch East India Company sponsors colonies in
  New York.
• Henry Hudson, working for the Dutch explored the
  Hudson River, Hudson Bay, and the Hudson Strait.
• They establish trade posts at Albany, and
  Manhattan Island.
• Dutch holdings become known as New Netherland.

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Diversity in Dutch Colonies

• In order to attract settlers, the Dutch invite
  German, French, and Scandinavian settlers to the
  region.
• They are tolerant of diverse religious faiths.
• Catholics, Protestants, Muslims, and Jews.

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Colonizing the Caribbean

• The French seize control of Haiti, Guadeloupe,
  and Martinique.
• The English settle Barbados and Jamaica.
• The Dutch occupy the Netherlands Antilles and
  Aruba.
• African slaves were used to harvest tobacco and
  sugar.

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The Fight for North America

• The French, Dutch and English struggle for
  supremacy in North America.
• After years of battles, the English gain control
  of most of the continent.

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The English Oust the Dutch

• In 1664, Charles II granted permission to his
  brother, the Duke of York, to drive the Dutch out
  of New Netherland.
• They surrendered without a shot. It was renamed
  New York.
• By 1750, 1.3 million English settlers lived in 13
  colonies from New Hampshire to Georgia.

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Charles II
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England Battles France

• Conflicts between England and France grow as the
  English settle further westward.
• The French and Indian War starts over fighting in
  the Ohio River Valley. It was part of the Seven
  Years War in Europe.
• The English defeat the French in 1763 and seize
  control over the eastern half of North America.

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Native American Reaction

• European colonization brings disaster to Native
  Americans.
• They fall victim to warfare and disease.

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A Strained Relationship

• The French and Dutch establish good trading
  relationships with native Americans. The fur
  trade benefits both sides.
• English settlement means relations with the
  natives are not as peaceful.

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Settlers and Native Americans Battle

• As early as 1622, the Powhatan tribe attacked
  colonial villages at Jamestown and killed 350
  settlers.
• King Philips War (1675) ended in a massacre of
  Indians.

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Natives Fall to Disease

• An epidemic of smallpox in 1616 ravaged the New
  England coast. The population of the
  Massachusett tribe dropped from 24,000 to 750 by
  1631.
• The loss of laborers eventually leads to the
  importation of African slaves.