World War II Begins

1
World War II Begins

• Section 2

2
Japan Sparks War in Asia

• 1937 Japan starts all out war with China
• Bombed major cities
• Thousands killed
• Nanjing 300,000 civilians and POWS were
  murdered
• Japan took control of Northern and Central China
• U.S. continued to hold to their Isolationism

3
Germany Brings War to Europe

• 1938 Hitler annexed Austria
• 1938 claimed Sudetenland western part of
  Czechkoslovakia
• Munich Conference
• Hitler promised Britian and France he would not
  take any more land
• Appeasement practice of giving in to aggression
  to avoid war
• 1939 Germany seized the rest of Czechkoslovakia

4
Invasion of Poland

• August 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact
• Stalin and Hitler agreed not to attack each other
• September 1939 blitzkrieg lightning war
• German army invaded Poland
• Polish army was overwhelmed
• Stalin invaded eastern Poland, Finland, Latvia,
  Lithuania, and Estonia

5
A Second World War

• September 1939
• Britian and France declare war on Germany
• Axis
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
• 6 others, including Romania

• Allies
• Britain
• France
• Soviet Union
• United States
• China
• 45 other countries, including Canada

6
Fall of France

• Spring 1940 Germany invaded Denmark, Norway,
  Holland, Belgium, and France
• Italy joined the attack on France
• British sent troops to help French, but were
  forced to retreat Miracle at Dunkirk
• In nine days, 331,226 soldiers 192,226 British
  and 139,000 French were rescued by a hastily
  assembled fleet of 860 boats
• June 22, 1940 France surrendered

7
Battle of Britain

• Britain was left as the only country in Europe
  opposing the Axis powers
• Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Great
  Britain We will never surrender
• Hitler hoped to invade Britain
• Fighters and bombers attacked for several months,
  destroying cities and towns throughout London
• British RAF shot down 2,000 Luftwaffe planes,
  convincing Hitler to give up his plan for an
  invasion
• Many American pilots went to England to fly with
  the RAF against the Germans

8
United States Moves Towards War

• Aid to the Allies
• Cash and carry plan U.S. would sell supplies
  to Allies, but they had to come get them
• U.S. gave British 50 old destroyers to assist in
  protecting against U-boat attacks
• Prepared for War
• Increased spending for the military
• Established a military draft first ever during
  peacetime

9
Cont.

• A Third Term for FDR
• Both FDR and his opponent promised to keep U.S.
  out of war
• Many people were against FDR running for third
  term, but won easily
• Lend-Lease Act
• 1941 allowed sales and loans of war material to
  any country whose defense the President deems
  vital to the defense of the United States.
• Sent tanks, planes, guns, and ammunition to
  Britain
• Extended to Soviet Union when they were attacked
  by Germany

10
Atlantic Charter

• Roosevelt and Churchill established war goals
• Agreed to seek no new territory
• Pledged to support the right of all peoples to
  choose the form of government under which they
  live
• Also called for a new League of Nations