The Middle Ages

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The Middle Ages
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The Middle Ages

• Major Events
• 476ce - Destruction of Western Roman Empire
• 500-1000 Creation of Feudal Kingdoms
• 700-800s Rise of powerful Kings (Clovis, Charles
  Martel, Charlemagne)
• 800s - Viking Invasions of Europe
• 11th Century - Christian Crusades
• 1054 - Great Schism of Christianity
• Mid-14th Century The Bubonic Plague Black Death
  strikes western Europe
• 13th-15th Centuries Rise of Nation-States of
  Europe

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The Middle Ages

• After the fall of Rome, Europe was in a state of
  chaos with no government
• Also known as the Medieval Period or the Dark
  Ages because of the lack of development (trade,
  education, govt reform, life expectancy).
• Lasted from about 500 to 1000CE in Europe
• Trade slowed, towns emptied, learning slowed

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The Middle Ages

• Three Main Groups
• Those Who Work - Feudalism
• Those Who Pray - Catholic Church
• Those Who Fight - Kings, Knights, The Crusades

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Those Who Work Feudalism

• Govt organized to protect territories from
  invaders

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Feudalism/Manorialism

• People left cities to live on manors (the lords
  estate) in order to grow food to live
• Self-sufficient communities where people produced
  everything they needed
• Feudalism social/economic/political system
• Manorialism Self-sufficient manors 3-field
  system

-Peasants paid taxes on milling grains,
marriages, rents -Serfs could not leave without
permission treated like slaves children born
into serfdom
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Feudalism

• People left cities to live on manors (the lords
  estate) in order to grow food to live
• Self-sufficient communities where people produced
  everything they needed

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Feudalism

• Peasants paid taxes on milling grains, marriages,
  rents
• Serfs could not leave without permission
  treated like slaves children born into serfdom

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Those Who Pray - The Catholic Church

• The Church provided charity food, shelter,
  clothing to poor, orphans
• Monasteries - become centers for learning Monks
  know how to read and write
• Illuminated Manuscripts - handwritten copies of
  religious documents

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Catholic Church organization
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The Catholic Church

• Forced people to pay tithes to the Church
• Could excommunicate members or kick them out of
  the church
• Sold indulgences, simony
• Kings and Nobles could appoint church officials

Indulgence- forgiveness for sins Simony- buy
church job
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Medieval Art

• Mostly religious based
• Dark
• Overly ornate
• Gothic - Late Middle Ages

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Gothic Architecture
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The Middle Ages By Period

• Early Middle Ages 500 1000
• -Rise of the Franks Merovingians/Clovis
  I/Charlemagne
• -Monks/Monasteries preserve knowledge
• High Middle Ages 1000 1250
• -Increased Catholic Church Power
• -Ongoing battles against Muslims in Spain (began
  in 8th century)
• Late Middle Ages 1250 1450
• -Resurgence of learning and inventions lead to
  Renaissance
• -Increased Catholic Church power leads to
  Reformation
• -Regional Kingdoms gain power leading to
  increased trade routes and Exploration

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The High Middle Ages - Those Who Fight

• Lasted from 1100 to 1300 CE during this period,
  Europe developed nation-states with populations
  and a national unity
• Nations led by kings, princes as rulers
• Made war against others to obtain territory
• Trade rose and towns developed
• Catholic Church led wars for Christian domination

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Rise of Nation-States

• England
• France
• Holy Roman Empire
• Spain

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The Crusades

• Holy wars to regain Jerusalem from the Muslims
  first called by Pope Urban II who promised

• Forgiveness for sins
• Cancellation of debts
• Protection for families and property
• Cancellation of criminal charges
• Land and wealth (from the Turks)

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The Crusades

• 1st Crusade 3 groups marched to Holy Land
• Most successful Crusaders captured Jerusalem
  Antioch massacred thousands of Muslims
• Problems heat, supplies, disunity

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The Crusades

• 2nd Crusade Muslims retake Jerusalem group sent
  to take the city was defeated
• 3rd Crusade (Kings Crusade) led by kings
  Muslims kept lands

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The Crusades

• 4th excommunicated after they conquered
  Christian Constantinople never reconquered Holy
  Land
• Childrens Crusade - Army made up of children
  hoped Turks would give up Holy land children
  enslaved

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Results of the Crusades

• Discovery of new ideas, inventions, weapons from
  interactions with Muslims
• Kings gained power
• Status of women increased
• Revival of trade between Europe Middle East

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The Plague

• Black Death
• Spread by rats, ticks from trading ships in the
  early 14th century
• Killed half the population of Europe
• Came back in waves

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The Disease Cycle
Flea drinks rat blood that carries the
bacteria.
Bacteria multiply in fleas gut.
Human is infected!
Fleas gut cloggedwith bacteria.
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into
human wound.
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Attempts to Stop the Plague
Leeching
Also, tried containment and quarantine but often
too late or not enough places participate
A Doctors Robe
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Attempts to Stop the Plague
FlagellantiSelf-inflicted penance for our
sins!
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Attempts to Stop the Plague
Blame the Jews
Golden Circle obligatory badge
Jew hat
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Post-classical Europe Questions 600-1450ce

• 1). What are Indulgences and Simony?
• 2). Describe life in the Dark Ages? When do the
  Dark Ages begin?
• 3). What is the difference between the beginning
  of the Middle Ages and the High Middle Ages?
• 4). What special defensive structure helped
  people survive the Dark Ages?
• 5). What is the major unifying force during the
  Dark Ages?
• 6). Explain the Feudal system that existed in
  Europe during the Middle Ages. Write in sentences
  for this one please.
• 7). How did the Plague spread and what are some
  reasons Europeans believe it happened?
• 8). Why did European men choose to join the
  Crusades?
• 9). How successful were the crusades? What are
  the major outcomes of the Crusades on Europe and
  on Dar-Al-Islam?
• 10). Why did the plague spread globally during
  the Post Classical era instead of an earlier era?
  Why couldnt it spread globally during the
  Foundations period (8000-600bce)?