Mercedes Mart

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LONDON

• Mercedes Martínez Conesa
• Leticia Párraga Marín 4ºB

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• London  is the capital city of England and
  the Unite Kingdom, and the largest city, urban
  zone and metropolitan area in the United Kingdom,
  and theEuropean Union by most measures.Located on
  the River Thames, London has been a major
  settlement for two millennia, its history going
  back to its founding by the Romans, who named
  it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of
  London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval 
  boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the
  name London has also referred to the metropolis
  developed around this core.The bulk of
  this conurbation forms the London region  and
  theGreater London administrative areagoverned by
  the elected Mayor of London and the London
  Assembly.

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Late modern and contemporary

• London was the world's largest city from about
  1831 to 1925. London's overcrowded conditions led
  to cholera epidemics, claiming 14,000 lives in
  1848, and 6,000 in 1866. Rising traffic
  congestion led to the creation of the world's
  first local urban rail network. TheMetropolitan
  Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion
  in the capital and some of the surrounding
  counties it was abolished in 1889 when
  the London County Council was created out of
  those areas of the counties surrounding the
  capital . The Blitz and other bombing by the
  German Luftwaffe during World War II killed over
  30,000 Londoners and destroyed large tracts of
  housing and other buildings across London.
  Immediately after the war, the 1948 Summer
  Olympics were held at the original Wembley
  Stadium, at a time when the city had barely
  recovered from the war.

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Economy

• London generates approximately 20 per cent of the
  UK's GDP (or 446 billion in 2005) while the
  economy of the London metropolitan areathe
  largest in Europegenerates approximately 30 per
  cent of the UK's GDP (or an estimated
  669 billion in 2005). London is one of the
  pre-eminent financial centres of the world and
  vies with New York City as the most important
  location for international finance.
• London's largest industry is finance, and
  its financial exports make it a large contributor
  to the UK's balance of payments. Around 325,000
  people were employed in financial services in
  London until mid-2007. London has over 480
  overseas banks, more than any other city in the
  world. Over 85 (3.2 million) of the employed
  population of greater London works in the
  services industries. Due to its prominent global
  role, London's economy has been affected by
  the Late-2000s financial crisis. The City of
  London estimates that 70,000 jobs in finance will
  be cut within a year. The City of London is home
  to the Bank of England, London Stock Exchange,
  and Lloyd's of London insurance market.

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Transport

• Transport is one of the four main areas of policy
  administered by the Mayor of London, however the
  mayor's financial control does not extend to the
  longer distance rail network that enters London.
  In 2007 he assumed responsibility for some local
  lines, which now form theLondon
  Overground network, adding to the existing
  responsibility for the London Underground, trams
  and buses. The public transport network is
  administered by Transport for London  and is one
  of the most extensive in the world. Cycling is an
  increasingly popular way to get around London.
  The London Cycling Campaign lobbies for better
  provision.
• The lines that formed the London Underground, as
  well as trams and buses, became part of an
  integrated transport system in 1933 when
  the London Passenger Transport Board or London
  Transport was created. Transport for London, is
  now the statutory corporation responsible for
  most aspects of the transport system in Greater
  London, and is run by a board and a commissioner
  appointed by the Mayor of London.

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Education

• London is a major centre of higher education
  teaching and research and its 43 universities
  form the largest concentration of higher
  education in Europe. In 2008/09 it had a higher
  education student population of around 412,000
  (approximately 17 per cent of the UK total), of
  whom around 287,000 were registered for
  undergraduate degrees and 118,000 were studying
  at postgraduate level. In 2008/09 there were
  around 97,150 international students in London,
  approximately 25 per cent of all international
  students in the UK.

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