Protists on Parade

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Protists on Parade
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Living things are classified into Six Kingdoms

• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria
• Protists
• Fungi
• Plants
• Animals

• We have discussed bacteria, which fit into the
  first two kingdoms.
• Viruses are non-living, so they are not included
  in any kingdom.
• Now, well discuss protists.

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Protists

• Eukaryotes
• Mostly Unicellular
• Diverse group
• Three different kinds of protists
• Animal-like
• Plant-like
• Fungus-like

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Animal-like Protists

• Protozoans
• Rhizopoda
• Amoeba
• Ciliates
• Paramecia
• Apicomplexa
• Sporozoans

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Plant-like Protists

• Bacillariophyta
• Diatoms
• Algae
• Green, red, brown algae
• Flagellates
• Euglena
• Have an eyespot
• In light, theyre photosynthetic. In dark,
  theyre heterotrophic.

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Fungus-like Protists

• Myxomycota
• Slime Molds

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Different Protists

• Can you name some examples of protists?

• Animal-like
• Rhizopoda (Amoebas)
• Apicomplexa (Sporozoans)
• Ciliates (Paramecia)
• Plant-like
• Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)
• Flagellates (Euglena and Dinoflagellates)
• Algae
• Fungus-like
• Myxomycota (Slime Molds)

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Protist Reproduction

• Reproduce sexually and asexually
• Sexual Reproduction
• Alternation of Generations
• Sporophytes spores grow by mitosis into a
  gametophyte
• Gametophytes produces gametes that combine to
  make an embryo

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Asexual Reproduction

• Some protists reproduce asexually. This process
  of asexual reproduction should sound familiar.
  It is called binary fission.
• During this process, two cells fuse and exchange
  genetic information through tubes in their cell
  walls.

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Lets discuss the different protists in more
detail!
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Amoebas

• Animal-like (Rhizopoda)
• Live in Water and Soil
• Reproduce by binary fission
• Have pseudopodia
• Arm-like extensions of cytoplasm
• These pseudopodia are used
• For movement
• To obtain food

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Sporozoans

• Animal-like (Apicomplexa)
• Forms spores
• Parasitic
• Example
• Plasmodium
• Causes malaria
• Transmitted by blood-feeding insects such as
  misquitoes

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Paramecia

• Animal-like (Ciliate)
• Reproduce both sexually and asexually
• Conjugation!!
• Live in water
• Have cilia
• Tightly packed rows of short flagella
• Used for movement

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Diatoms

• Plant-like (Bacillariophyta)
• Found in water
• Asexual reproduction
• Diatoms have double shells
• The shells are made of silica.
• Used in paint and as a natural pesticide
• Important in forensic science
• Silica shells are the source of chert (arrowheads)

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Euglena

• Animal or Plant-like? (Flagellates)
• Asexual reproduction
• Photosynthetic and Heterotrophic
• Eyespot
• Light-sensitive organ that helps orient movement
• Pellicle
• Structure inside cell membrane allows for
  flexibility

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Dinoflagellates

• Plant-like (Flagellates)
• Reproduce Asexually
• Make up plankton in oceans
• Red Tides
• Poisonous toxin
• Kills fish and invertebrates
• Human health hazard

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Algae

• Plant-like (Algae)
• Microscopic or Multicellular
• Kelp
• Ingredient in jelly beans, pudding, ice cream,
  marshmallow, choc. milk
• Sargasso Sea
• Named for floating masses of Sargassum natans.

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Slime Molds

• Fungus-like (Myxomycota)
• Produce spores
• Look like fungi, but have different cell walls
• Cause of Irish potato famine (400,000 people died)

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Protists and Human Health

• Benefits
• Recycle important chemicals like nitrogen
• Cattle and cellulose digestion
• Most of the worlds photosynthesis (source of
  oxygen)

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Protists and Human Health

• Dangers
• Cause of disease
• Malaria
• Up to 300 million people die from malaria every
  year
• Symptoms
• Chills, fever, sweating, confusion, great thirst

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Malaria

• Caused by Plasmodium
• Carried by misquitoes
• Malaria Infection
• Protists are injected by insect
• Protists invade liver first and reproduce,
  destroying cells
• Protists invade Red Blood Cells second and
  reproduce, destroying cells
• Victims die of anemia, kidney failure, or brain
  damage

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Treating and Preventing Malaria

• 90 of the worlds malaria infections occur in
  Africa
• Quinine (a mild, natural poison) is known to
  treat malaria in small doses
• Before traveling to Africa, be sure to carry
  anti-malaria pills on hand

• Malaria can also be controlled by reducing
  mosquito populations
• A malaria vaccine is in the making
• Individuals that are heterozygous for
  sickle-cell anemia are resistant to malaria

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Isnt Science Great?!