Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)

1
Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)
The Key to High Reliability Source Switching
2
Presentation Overview

• ATS The Key to High Reliability Source
  Switching
•  
• Various technologies are used to switch critical
  loads from a primary to a backup power source.
  When nothing goes wrong in the facility
  (overloads, short circuits, etc.) most
  technologies perform adequately. When problems
  occur, certain ATS technologies will keep the
  power onothers will not. Knowing the
  differences and correctly applying ATS in your
  facility is key to providing high reliability
  source switching.
•  
• This presentation will include
• A definition of ATS
• An overview of typical ATS applications,
  constructions, and types
• A review of the IEC codes and testing procedures
  for ATS
• A comparison of the performance of each
  technology under IEC testing
• under normal and abnormal circumstances
• Application guidelines for selectively
  coordinated, high reliability, fault-
• tolerant source switching.
• Overall recommendations for a Power Quality
  installations.

3
Section 1 ATS Basics

• What is an ATS ?
• What are typical applications of ATS?
• Common constructions of ATS
• Common types of ATS

4
What is an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) ?
An ATS is a device designed to Automatically
switch (transfer) between (2) sources of power to
improve the reliability of the electrical supply
to a connected load.
Backup Source (typically a Generator Supply
(Normally De-Energized)
G
Primary Source (typically a Utility Supply or
Utility Bus) (Normally Energized)
5
Typical Applications of ATS

• Utility and Engine Generator
• Single unit standby applications are very common
• Utility and Utility
• Dual utility applications are becoming more
  common
• Generator and Generator
• Prime power / standby application

6
Types of ATS construction
GE Power Quality
GE components
Market Trend
7
Typical ATS Constructions Knife Blade

• Typically Non-Load breaking
• Usually Manually Operated (and slow)
• Sometimes motor operated (still slow)
• Low withstand ratings no arc chutes or vents
• Low endurance ratings limited life

8
Typical ATS Constructions Twin Contactor
IEC 60947-4-1

• Switching device having 1 position of rest (IEC
  defn)
• Returns to position of rest _at_ loss power
  (un-latched type) or addl latching arrangement
  to hold position on loss of power
• Built using 1 of up to 12 types of contactors
  under IEC 60947-4-1 Code, from basic contactor to
  high-capacity motor starters.
• Often very basic controller
• Mechanical/safety interlock often not available
  or optional
• Variety of operators, from motor to
  electromagnets
• Not a True double throw device - possible to
  close into both Sources

9
Typical ATS Constructions Twin MCCB (Molded
Case Circuit Breaker)
IEC 60947-2

• 2 Position device, typically operated from add-on
  motors
• Built using 1 of up to 2 types of breaker under
  IEC 60947-2 Code, from basic instantaneous-trip
  type to short-time rated devices.
• Mechanical/safety interlock is an add-on,
  sometimes optional
• Motor operators usually slow, often unreliable
  for high duty.
• Wide range of manf-assigned withstand ratings
  (low, med, or high)
• Not a True double throw device - possible to
  close into both Sources

10
Typical ATS Constructions Power Contactor
Type (GE Zenith Std.)
UL 1008
IEC 60947-6-1

• Std. Double Throw mechanism - Inherent mechanical
  interlock against closing to both sources
• No add-on interlocks required
• Fewer moving parts
• High Withstand Current ratings to allow fault
  clearing coordination
• Integrated Arc quenching components
• Solenoid Operated (very fast)

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Power Contactor ATS - Composition

• Arc quenching grids enclosed arc chutes
• Movable contact assembly has 2 pieces, arcing
  contact and main current carrying contact.
• Arcing contacts make first, break last See
  Video.
• Silver alloy contacts
• Resists welding
• Enhanced withstand ratings
• Over center switching principal to achieve a
  mechanically locked position in either Source 1
  or 2
• High speed solenoid actuated drive assures
  contact transfer in 30-50 msec

(Click to see video)
12
Typical ATS Constructions Static
E
N
1
2
L

• Two live sources required. Solid-state switching
  gtgt no moving parts
• Extremely FAST operation, transfer in less than ¼
  cycle.
• SCR technology
• Typically used on critical loads where 2 reliable
  and independent power supplies available, or
  switching 2 x UPS Outputs.
• Both sources must be in sync
• Often cost prohibitive for Standby applications

13
Standard Transfer Switch Types
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Bypass Isolation ATS

• Essentially (2) ATS in Parallel, (1) Automatic
  Switch (ATS) (1) Manual Switch (MTS).
• ATS is withdrawable, similar to withdrawable CBs
• (2) redundant paths from each source to load.
• ATS MTS are mechanically and electrically
  interlocked
• To prevents accidental closure of both sources
• Bypassing power from Source to Load permits
  testing or maintenance of ATS without
  interruption to load.
• Available in Open, Delayed, and Closed Transition
• If power fails while bypassed, Genset is auto
  started to permit fast transfer using MTS.

15
Section 2 - Codes Standards for equipment
applied as ATS

• What are the Internationally-
• recognized codes?
• What is the Performance difference
• of devices tested to these codes?

16
Internationally-recognized ATS Codes and Standards
Devices arranged for Source Switching, but not
IEC rated as ATS
Devices arranged for Source Switching, IEC rated
as ATS
Contactors Motor Starters
Circuit Breakers
Contactors Motor Starters
Circuit Breakers
Power Contactors
IEC 60947-4-1 UL 508
IEC 60947-2 UL 489
IEC 60947-6-1 UL 1008
Devices may be arranged to function as an ATS,
but not be rated as ATS by a Recognized body
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IEC Performance Testing of ATS - Overview
GE ATS Ratings
Twin Contactors
Twin CBs
CB Breaker type
PC/CC Contactor types.
Circuit Breaker 60947-2
Contactor 60947-4-1
IEC Code
Transfer Switching Equipment 60947-6-1
(IEC A)
(AC-33A, 33B)
(AC-31A, 31B)
(IEC AC-1)
Util. Cat.
31A High Operations _at_ Rated Current33A High
Operations _at_ 2 x Rated Current 31B Low
Operations _at_ Rated Current 33B Low Operations _at_
2 x Rated Current
Operational Performance
High Operations _at_ Rated current
Low Operations _at_ majority No Current
Overload or Low current short circuit Performance
31A High Operations _at_ 1.5 Rated Current33A
High Operations _at_ 6x Rated Current 31B Low
Operations _at_ 1.5 Rated Current 33B Low
Operations _at_ 6x Rated Current
Low Operations _at_ 6x Rated Current, High pf, for
up to 630A Rating. (N/A gt630A)
Low Operations _at_ 1.5x Rated Current, High pf
CC/PC Type Break SC No Make SC
Yes Make Hold Yes Withstand SC Yes
CB Type Break SC Yes Make SC
Yes Make Hold No Withstand SC No
High/Short Circuit Performance
Break SC Yes Make SC Yes
Make Hold No Withstand SC No
No Requirements
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Short Circuit Testing of PC-Type ATS

• Contactors and Circuit Breakers have Fault
  current ratings, expressed in kAIC

• PC-type ATS are tested to
• Withstand fault currents (remain closed), for a
  set period of time, permitting downstream devices
  to trip and isolate the fault.
• Close into faults, to permit the Backup supply
  fault current necessary to clear the fault.
• For this reason, PC-type ATS have Withstand and
  Close Ratings (WCR) vs. Traditional kAIC Fault
  rating (as in a CB).

FaultTesting (click to see video)
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Performance of ATS Technologies - Summary
CB Breaker type
PC/CC Contactor types.
Twin CBs
Twin Contactors
Real life performance of ATS in your facility
Building Event
Low Operation switching of Rated Load
?
?
?
OK
OK
Not OK
?
?
?
33A, 33B
High Duty Cycle/Switching
?
OK
Not OK
31A, 31B
?
?
OK (up to 630A)
?
Switching Motors w/ 6-10X inrush _at_ start
33A, 33B
?
Not OK
?
gt630A
31A, 31B
?
?
?
?
Short on load side of ATS
Need upstream SCPD to trip
Inst. Trip. Selectivity w/ downstream SCPD ???
Designed to withstand permit downstream SCPD to
clear
Same as CB
?
Designed to close into and withstand to permit
downstream SCPD to clear
Switching into a short circuit on load side of
ATS.
?
?
Same as above
Big problem
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Section 3 - Application Guidelines for PQ
Installations
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Recommendations to customers Design Institute

• Specify ATS certified As an ATS to IEC 60947-6-1
  or UL 1008 Un-certified ATS have
  not been tested for the purposes of source
  switching.

• Specify an ATS with adequate duty cycle rating
• A or B IEC Utilization Catagories,
  based on application

• Specify an ATS with adequate overload capability
  for switching inductive loads
• 31 or 33 IEC Utilization Catagories,
  based on application

• Specify PC Type of ATS for critical load
  application
• Specify PC-type where fault withstand,
  vs, tripping under faults, is required for proper
  system Selective Coordination for faults below
  ATS.

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Product Information availability

• An extensive amount of information is available
  24 x 7, on the Web, including
• Product Brochures
• Guideform Specifications
• Drawings
• Operation Maintenance Manuals
• Application Information
• All information has recently been updated,
  re-organized, and made easily accessible.
• See it all at GEZenith.com

23
Support Team in place
Pre-Sales Application Support

• Your Country / Area Sales Manager
• cc Huang YF -- 886 939 387 203 (GE PQ ATS
  Asia )
• cc Scott Kolek -- 1 630 652 4544 (GE PQ ATS
  Global )

Pricing/RFQ (please provide Model )

• Your Country / Area Sales Manager
• cc Susan Barnes -- 1 630 652 4535 (GE Zenith
  USA)
• cc Scott Kolek -- 1 630 652 4544 (GE PQ ATS
  Global)
• cc Huang YF -- 886 939 387 203 (GE PQ ATS Asia
  )

Place an Order

• Your Country / Area Sales Manager
• cc Huang YF -- 886 939 387 203 (GE PQ ATS Asia
  )
• cc Susan Barnes 001 630 652-4535 (GE Zenith
  USA)
• cc Scott Kolek 001 630 652 4544 (GE PQ ATS)

Aftermarket Service Inquiries

• Your country / Area Sales Manger .
• APO Service team Chen Hao, Yeung Albert. -
  Same process as UPS.
• cc Jason Lin -- 1 630 652 4511 ( GE Zenith USA
  )
• cc Huang YF -- 886 939 387 203 (GE PQ ATS Asia
  )

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The GE Zenith Range of ATS

• ZTX Series
• Residential/Light Commercial applications
• 40-400 Amp 120-480 Volt ratings
• 2, 3, or 4-Pole. Std transition.
• ZTG series
• Pre-Engineered Standard applications requiring
  dependability and ease of operation
• Standard Delayed Transition
• 40-3000 Amp 120-600 Volt ratings
• 2, 3 or 4-Pole
• ZTS series
• Spec Grade Custom applications
• Standard, Delayed, Closed Transition
• Bypass versions available with all Transition
  modes
• 40-4000 Amp ratings 120-600 Volt ratings
• 2, 3 or 4-Pole

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Section 4 GE Zenith New Controls

• Coming May 2007

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Our New Controls(A preview)

• Graphical Display
• Large metering values
• Wide viewing angle
• Multi-Language Support

• Ease of Use
• Graphical Interface
• Embedded Help
• screens

• Quick View Mimic
• Source Availability
• Source Connected
• Status
• Key Status LEDs

• Security
• Role Based Access
• Revision control
• /History

• Dedicated Control Pushbuttons
• Auto/Man
• Engine Control
• Test Features
• User-tailored
• Info screen

• Integrated Functionality
• ATS Control
• Metering
• Genset Monitoring
• Data Logger
• Diagnostics Events Capture

• Soft Key Navigation
• Role Based Access
• Revision control
• /History

• Front Port Access
• Easy adjustment of
• settings using Launchpad
• thru front USB port

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New ATS Controller (MX350) for New GE Zenith
ZTE ATS
Modular, Card-Cage Construction for Ease of
Service and Expandability
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New Features

• Features

New ZTE
Competition
vs.
?
Fill Current Competitive Control Gaps
Many ZTS options made Std. 365 Day Ex (CDP),
R103 (Util 47), R16 (Ph Rot), Q2 (Peak Shave),
AB3/4 (Bypass Pos), DSLC (Disc Sw), TMS (Trans
Mode for CT), Gen-Gen exerciser, User MB Address
setup.
?
?
NEW Easy Fast Set/Save/Re-load Config using
LaunchPad (SW ships free w/ each ATS. Std
front-connect USB port)
(Not Avail)
?
(English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese)
NEW Chinese Spanish Languages
?
NEW Graphical OIP w/ Customer-Config INFO
HELP screens for simple, intuitive operation
(Softload model only)
NEW Expanded Service Diagnostics Utility
Fail Emerg. Pwr. system Performance info
?
(Not Avail)
NEW Auto Load Shed on sensed ANSI 81U, 27/59,
or Overload
?
(Not Avail)
NEW Built-in Power Quality Metering, including
THD waveform oscillography
?
(Separate Metering)
?
?
?
Parity
Comparative Advantage
Gap
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New Features (cont)
New T5/T7

• Features

vs.
Competition
?
NEW Built-in Serial and TCP/IP Communications
for easy facility integration
(Separate Cards)
?
(Significant differences for Softload
NEW Full range of transfer types, inc. Softload
?
(Not Avail)
NEW Flexible Control Switches Setup in
LaunchPad
?
NEW Event and metering integration High speed
event capture Pre/Post event metering
oscillography for efficient accurate fault
diagnostics
(Not Avail)
NEW Direct source sensing up to 690VAC Without
need for step-down transformers
?
(Not Avail)
NEW Direct Genset Communications and Failsafe
Programmable Remote I/O reduce total installed
costs
?
(Not Avail)
NEW Extensive Modbus Data map of all events,
metered data, and diagnostics for BMS system
?
(Not Avail)
?
NEW Remote service connect, diagnostics, and
calibration using built-in TCP/IP Network
Connection
(Not Avail)
?
NEW Reassignment of switch features in the
field to accommodate site changes (using
LaunchPad).
(Not Avail)
?
NEW Field-upgradeable for additional I/O and
new features
()
?
?
?
Parity
Comparative Advantage
Gap
30
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