EOC Review

1
EOC Review

• Biology

2

• What tool can most accurately determine the
  volume of a sample of water?
• Graduated Cylinder
• Balance
• Spring Scale
• Thermometer

3

• 2. Francis observes that corn seedlings will bend
  toward a light source. He grows 150 corn
  seedlings. He then removes the tips from 50
  seedlings, covers the tips of another 50
  seedlings with aluminum foil, and leaves the last
  50 seedlings alone. He puts all the seedlings
  near a strong light source and observes them for
  three days. Which hypothesis is Francis testing?
• If a seedling is watered, it will always grow
  toward the light.
• If a seedling is exposed to a light source, the
  seedling will bend toward the light.
• If the tip is removed from a seedling, the
  seedling will die even if exposed to light.
• If light does not reach the tip of a seedling,
  the seedling will not bend toward the light.

4

• 3. Which of these is an example of a
  qualitative observation?
• The high temperature for each day in May.
• The names of chemicals found in one brand of diet
  soda.
• The win-loss record of a tennis team since 1990.
• The average growth in height of all sophomores
  over a year.

5

• 4. In 1927, the geneticist Hermann Muller exposed
  living fruit flies to X-rays. He found that the
  fruit flies offspring displayed dramatic
  mutations. Muller concluded that the X-rays
  damaged chromosomes, which resulted in the
  mutations. What was the independent variable in
  Mullers experiment?
• The X-rays
• The fruit flies
• The mutations
• The chromosomes

6

• 5. A student is curious about whether a
  relationship exists between the temperature of an
  aquariums water and the number of times a fishs
  gills flap each minute. What is the first thing
  that the student should do?
• Lower the temperature in the tank by 1oC each day
  and see how it affects the number of times a
  fishs gills flap each minute.
• Make a hypothesis about the relationship between
  water temperature and the number of times a
  fishs gills flap each minute.
• At exactly the same time each day, count the
  number of times a fishs gills flap each minute.
• Take readings of the water temperature in the
  aquarium in the morning, in the afternoon, and in
  the evening.

7

• 6. Which of the following fundamental units
  does the Systéme International not use?
• kg
• mL
• in.
• cm

8

• 7. April wants to test how temperature affects
  germination (plant growth from seeds). She is
  measuring temperature in degrees Celsius (0C).
  Which should April measure to get the most useful
  results?
• The growth of plants from 150 seeds at 150C and
  150 seeds at 220C.
• The growth of plants from 300 seeds, all at
  slightly different temperatures.
• The growth of plants from 100 seeds at 150C, 100
  seeds at 220C, and 100 seeds at 290C.
• The growth of plants from 150 seeds in the dark
  at 150C and 150 seeds in the light at 150C.

9

• 8. A scientist who monitors drinking water
  supplies found the disease-causing organism
  Cryptosporidium parvum to be resistant to the
  common disinfectants chlorine and monochloramine.
  The scientist investigated whether chlorine
  dioxide would be more effective against C.parvum.
  She designed an experiment in which she added
  chlorine, monochloramine, and chlorine dioxide to
  separate water samples. She then tested the water
  for populations of C.parvum. Which hypothesis was
  the scientist most likely testing in this
  experiment?
• If chlorine and monochloramine are added to
  drinking water, they will be more effective than
  chlorine alone against C.parvum.
• If chlorine dioxide is added to drinking water,
  it will be more effective than either chlorine or
  monochloramine against C.parvum.
• If C.parvum becomes resistant to chlorine dioxide
  over time, it will not become resistant to
  chlorine or to monochloramine.
• If C.parvum is resistant to chlorine and
  monochloramine, it will become resistant to
  chlorine dioxide over time.

10

• 9. The following data set shows the amount of
  rainfall for each day of one week.
• 5 mL, 13 mL, 2 mL, 6 mL, 5 mL, 7 mL, 11 mL
• What is the mean of this data set?
• 5 mL
• 7 mL
• 8 mL
• 9 mL

11

• 10. Fred is preparing a class presentation about
  the change in the classrooms temperature over
  one week. Which would be the best way for Fred to
  display his data?
• In a line graph
• In a chart
• In a bar graph
• In a table

12

• 11. There are 16 students in the chess club. Of
  these students, 4 are new members. What percent
  of the chess club is new members?
• 4
• 20
• 25
• 33

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14

• Use the graph on the previous slide to answer the
  following questions
• Ladybugs eat insects called aphids to survive. A
  biologist puts a population of ladybugs and a
  population of aphids into an enclosed habitat
  called a terrarium. She wants to study how a
  change in one population affects the other
  population. She lets the community develop for a
  time, and then introduces a chemical that makes
  the aphids unable to produce offspring. The graph
  shows the changes to the ladybug and aphid
  populations over time.
• What is the dependent variable in the biologists
  experiment?
• The length of time
• The size of the aphid population
• The size of the ladybug population
• The amount of sterilizing chemical

15

• Use the previous graph to answer the following
  question
• Which conclusion best describes the relationship
  between the ladybug and the aphid populations?
• A decrease in the aphid population causes a
  decrease in the ladybug population.
• An increase in the aphid population causes a
  decrease in the ladybug population.
• An increase in the ladybug population causes an
  increase in the aphid population.
• A decrease in the ladybug population causes a
  decrease in the aphid population

16

• 14. A team of biologists measured the levels of
  dissolved oxygen at different depths in three
  lakes. There results are shown below.
• Which of these proposed explanations is supported
  by the data table?
• The depth has no effect on the level of oxygen
  concentration.
• Forest Lake has a greater oxygen concentration
  than Cobble Lake.
• The oxygen concentration of the water is greater
  at deeper depths.
• The oxygen concentration of the water is greater
  at shallower depths.

17

• 15. Which of these is an example of how science
  can influence public policy?
• A local citizen action group raises money to
  plant trees in a public park.
• Because of limited local landfill space, the city
  council considers shipping trash elsewhere.
• Discoveries about the harmful side effects of
  secondhand cigarette smoke prompt the passing of
  laws that ban smoking in public places.
• Because too much chlorine is accidentally put
  into a public swimming pool, the pool is closed
  for the afternoon to protect the public.

18

• 16. Why is the process of peer review so
  important to the overall practice of science?
• Peer review helps to identify error and bias in
  experiments and research.
• Peer review leads to the recognition of a
  scientists accomplishments.
• Peer review helps one scientist prove that other
  scientists are wrong.
• Peer review helps to ensure that nobody else is
  credited with a scientists discovery.

19

• 17. Most professionals, such as doctors, lawyers,
  and scientists, follow codes of ethics that guide
  the actions of the people in that profession.
  Which is the best description of the phrase a
  code of professional ethics?
• It is a cultural characteristic of one specific
  group of people.
• It is a standard of conduct for a given
  occupation.
• It is based on a certain type of religion.
• It is what society accepts as right.

20

• 18. Which of these is the most accurate statement
  about the effects of technology?
• Products of new technology cost more than
  products of old technology.
• New technology is always welcome and accepted by
  the public.
• New technology can make it possible for
  scientists to extend research and make new
  discoveries.
• New technology always ends up replacing old
  technology because it is more efficient.

21

• 19. A bias can distort science at any stage of
  the process hypothesis formation,
  experimentation, interpretation of results, or
  reporting. Which of these best describes how bias
  affects scientific research?
• Any investigation that has a bias in inevitably
  ruined.
• The best scientists can do their work without any
  bias at all.
• Acknowledging bias is not important because
  everyone has a bias.
• All scientists have biases, but most scientists
  attempt to reduce its effects on their work.

22

• 20. What role does bias play in the way that
  scientific stories are presented by the news
  media?
• Because the story appears in print or on
  television, it must be true.
• The news media should not report science stories
  because they are not experts.
• The news media doesnt have any bias because all
  of their stories are researched thoroughly.
• Every news story includes bias, so you should
  compare information from a variety of sources.

23

• 21. Which of the following is true about
  eukaryotic cells?
• Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane and more
  types of organelles than prokaryotic cells
• Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane and
  fewer types of organelles than prokaryotic cells
• Eukaryotic cells have no nuclear membrane and
  more types of organelles than prokaryotic cells
• Eukaryotic cells have no nuclear membrane and
  fewer types of organelles than prokaryotic cells

24

• 22. Stomach cells break down food particles into
  their component molecules to aid in digestion.
  Which of these organelles would be found in a
  higher frequency in stomach cells than in red
  blood cells?
• Mitochondria
• Lysosomes
• Chloroplasts
• Ribosomes

25

• 23. Suppose that a freshwater plant is mistakenly
  put into a saltwater aquarium. Which process will
  occur?
• Water will move from the environment into the
  plant cells, swelling the plant cells.
• Water will move from the plant cells into the
  environment, shrinking the plant cells
• Salt will move from the plant cells into the
  environment, shrinking the plant cells.
• Salt will move from the environment into the
  plant cells, swelling the plant cells.

26

• 24. Which correctly describes a major difference
  between a plant cell and an animal cell.
• An animal cell has organelles that store energy
  in ATP molecules, a plant cell does not.
• A plant cell has many small vacuoles that store
  water, an animal cell has a single large vacuole
  to store wastes.
• An animal cell has a cell wall to provide
  structure and support a plant cell does not.
• A plant cell has organelles that transform light
  energy into chemical energy an animal cell does
  not.

27

• 25. Examine the two solutions below. They are
  separated by a semipermeable membrane that allows
  salt to pass but does not allow starch to pass.
• Salt will move from B to A by diffusion.
• Salt will move from B to A by osmosis.
• Salt will move form A to B by diffusion.
• Salt will move from A to B by osmosis.

28

• 26. Membranes are essential to life processes.
  Which of the following best defines a membrane?
• Membranes are phospholipid bilayers.
• Membranes are selectively permeable barriers.
• Membranes are the sites of energy
  transformations.
• Membranes are barriers that protect organelles
  from outside substances.

29

• 27. Muscle groups often require quick bursts of
  energy. Which organelle would be found in a
  higher frequency in muscle cells than in nerve
  cells?
• Ribosomes
• Golgi apparatus
• Mitochondria
• Peroxisomes

30

• 28. Glucose belongs to which category of organic
  compound?
• Nucleic acids
• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins

31

• 29. Which of these is not a difference between
  mitosis and meiosis?
• Mitosis results in two cells meiosis results in
  four.
• Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction
  meiosis is a form of sexual reproduction.
• Mitosis produces cells with a full set of
  chromosomes meiosis produces cells with a half
  set of chromosomes.
• Mitosis occurs only in unicellular organisms such
  as paramecia meiosis occurs only in
  multicellular organisms such as humans.

32

• 30. The American buffalo has cells containing 60
  chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in each
  sperm cell of an American buffalo?
• 120
• 60
• 30
• 15

33

• 31. Which sex will a person be if the father has
  contributed on X chromosome?
• Male, no matter what
• Female, no matter what
• Male, if the mother contributes an X
• Female, if the mother contributes a Y

34

• 32. Which of these is an advantage of sexual
  reproduction?
• It creates variation within a population.
• It creates offspring that are well-adapted to the
  environment.
• It creates offspring that are identical to its
  parents.
• It ensures no variation within a population.

35

• 33. Which of these correctly represents the
  process of meiosis?

36

• 34. DNA molecules must unwind and then separate
  for replication and expression. Which of these
  happens when a DNA molecule comes apart?
• The weak bonds within the sugar-phosphate
  backbone are broken.
• The strong bonds within the sugar-phosphate
  backbone are broken.
• The weak bonds between the nitrogenous base pairs
  are broken.
• The strong bonds between the nitrogenous base
  pairs are broken.

37

• 35. When the genes encoded in deoxyribonucleic
  acid are expressed, what type of molecule is
  produced?
• DNA
• Carbohydrate
• Phospholipid
• Protein

38

• 36. Which of the following gives the most
  accurate description of the gene expression
  process?

39

• 37. A double-stranded segment of DNA is 50
  nucleotides long along each strand. Thirty of the
  bases are adenine. How many of the bases are
  cytosine?
• 20
• 30
• 50
• 80

40

• 38. Suppose that a point mutation inserts a
  thymine base into a DNA strand as shown below.
• TAA GGT ACG CAT
• T
• Which represents the DNA strand that is
  complementary to the first 12 bases of the
  mutated strand?
• ATT CCA TAG CGT
• AUU CCA UAG CGU
• ATT CCA TGC GTA
• AUU CCA UGC GUA

41

• 39. What is the correct relationship between an
  allele and a gene?
• Alleles dictate which genes go into offspring
• Alleles are the alternative forms a gene can take
• Genes are the physical form of allele
  combinations
• Combinations of dominant genes result in an allele

42

• 40. A brown-eyed man and a blue eyed woman have
  four children. The man is heterozygous dominant
  for brown eyes (Bb), and the woman is homozygous
  recessive for blue eyes (bb).
• As a percentage, how many of the children are
  expected to have blue eyes?
• 0
• 25
• 50
• 75

43

• 41. Which genotype is homozygous for one trait
  and heterozygous for another trait?
• eemm
• EEMM
• EeMm
• Eemm

44

• 42. For mice, the gene for coat color has two
  forms a pigmented coat (C) and an albino coat
  (c). Pete, a male mouse with a pigmented coat,
  was mated with Theresa, an albino female. All six
  baby mice in the first litter had pigmented
  coats. For the next litter, Theresa was mated
  with Moe, who had pigmented coat. Some of Theresa
  and Moes litter were albinos. What are the most
  probable genotypes of Pete, Theresa, and Moe?
• Pete Cc Theresa cc Moe cc
• Pete CC Theresa cc Moe Cc
• Pete Cc Theresa cc Moe Cc
• Pete CC Theresa Cc Moe Cc

45

• 43. The phenotype pedigree shows the inheritance
  pattern of a recessive genetic condition in three
  generations of a family.
• What is the chance that individual III-1 (?) will
  inherit this condition?
• 0
• ¼
• ½
• ¾

46

• 44. What would most likely happen to one
  population of a species of plant if its climate
  gradually became hotter and drier?
• The plants that absorb and store water most
  efficiently would survive to pass on those
  traits.
• Individual plants would work hard to grow longer
  roots and thicker leaves.
• The plants would increase the number of seeds
  they make to improve their chances of
  reproducing.
• All of the plants would die off before producing
  offspring.

47

• 45. Biologists are unsure how the North American
  red wolf is related to the gray wolf and the
  coyote. Some biologists claim that the red wolf
  existed as a species before both the gray wolf
  and coyote. Other biologists make the competing
  claim that the red wolf is a descendant of both
  the gray wolf and the coyote. Which evidence
  would best support the claim that the red wolf
  existed before the gray wolf and the coyote?
• Fossils of all three species found in the same
  layer of rock.
• Different mating behaviors among all three
  species.
• Similar body plans among red wolves and gray
  wolves but not among red wolves and coyotes.
• The DNA sequences of the gray wolf and the coyote
  are more similar to each other than to the red
  wolf.

48

• 46. A biologist studied a species of katydid, an
  insect that makes a singing noise. The
  biologist hypothesized that katydids with loud
  songs have greater reproductive success than
  katydids with quiet songs. The biologist put 25
  katydids with loud songs and 25 katydids with
  quiet songs into a terrarium. The biologist then
  studied the generations of katydids that
  followed. If the biologists hypothesis is
  correct, which result was most likely observed?
• Katydids with quiet songs became more competitive
  by developing louder songs.
• The percentage of katydid population with loud
  songs decreased.
• The percentage of the katydid population with
  quiet songs decreased.
• Katydids that had loud songs preferred to mate
  with katydids that had quiet songs.

49

• 47. Which of these would serve as the best index
  fossil?
• A species of marine animal that lived almost
  everywhere, but only during a relatively short
  period of time.
• A species of coral that lived only at the equator
  during a relatively brief period of time.
• A species of dinosaur that lived only in North
  America just before a mass extinction.
• A species of marine plant that lived during a
  relatively long period of time.

50

• 48. Which statement is true about the carbon and
  nitrogen cycles?
• Carbon and nitrogen are often converted into each
  other as they cycle through the ecosystems.
• The total mass of carbon and the total mass of
  nitrogen on Earth are always about constant.
• No products created with carbon or nitrogen can
  be converted into energy while cycling through
  ecosystems.
• Carbon and nitrogen atoms in biotic factors tend
  to stay in biotic factors, and carbon and
  nitrogen atoms in abiotic factors tend to stay in
  abiotic factors.

51

• 49. Study the food chain.
• Which trophic level contains
• the most energy that is available
• to the level above it?
• Fish
• Squid
• Killer whales
• phytoplankton

52

• 50. What is the primary purpose of cellular
  respiration?
• To use sunlight to produce food molecules
• To remove carbon dioxide from an organism
• To release energy from food molecules
• To bring oxygen into an organism

53

• 51. Suppose a lawn in Missouri absorbs 50,000 KJ
  of solar energy. About how much of this energy is
  available to rabbits that nibble on the lawn?
• 50,000 KJ
• 5,000 KJ
• 500 KJ
• 50 KJ

54

• 52. Which type of organisms make up the producer
  level of the trophic pyramid?
• Autotrophs
• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Omnivores

55

• 53. Which of the following is produced by
  photosynthesis?
• Carbon dioxide
• Nitrates
• Oxygen
• Water

56

• 54. Study the simplified nitrogen cycle below.
• What process or organism is represented by each
  X?
• Decomposition
• Consumer reuse
• Eukaryotes
• Bacteria

57

• 55. The United States government has regulations
  that control how trees must be harvested. Why is
  the government involved in making such rules for
  logging?
• Voters believe the government should protect
  forest ecosystems from industrial damage.
• The government wants to help industries harvest
  trees in the most efficient was possible.
• Many trees are in inaccessible mountainous areas,
  and voters want to reduce fatalities form loggers
  harvesting those trees.
• The government owns forests and distributes trees
  to companies for logging.

58

• 56. Many human activities affect ecosystems. Of
  all the human actions that affect the worlds
  ecosystems, which has had the greatest negative
  effect in the last century?
• Harvesting of crops
• Rapid human population growth
• Development of renewable fuels
• Moving to the top of the trophic pyramid

59

• 57. Which of these is not an example of a
  symbiotic relationship?
• Bacteria living on the roots of a legume
• A bird perching on the back of an antelope
• A tick living on and feeding from a mule
• A wolf killing a mouse

60

• 58. Which of these would increase a population of
  deer in a habitat?
• A decline in the number of deer predators
• An increase in the rate of deer emigration
• A decline in the rate of deer immigration
• An increase in the mortality rate of deer

61

• 59. If bacteria are grown in a test tube, the
  number of bacteria will reach a certain level and
  then increase no further. What does this
  demonstrate?
• Biotic potential
• Carrying capacity
• Symbiosis
• Emigration

62

• 60. The emerald ash borer is native to Asia. It
  was found in North America in 2002, probably
  having traveled here in the packing material used
  to protect goods shipped overseas. Since
  arriving, the emerald ash borer population has
  exploded. The insects have killed more than 20
  million ash trees in the Midwest. Which of these
  is the most likely explanation for the success of
  the emerald ash borer in North America?
• The ash trees in North America are more
  nutritious than those in Asia.
• People are encouraging the growth of the new
  species in North America.
• Asian ash trees have less resistance to insects
  than do North American ash trees.
• The emerald ash borer has fewer predators in
  North American than in Asia.