Chapter 31 sections 1 and 2 PowerPoint

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Chapter 31 sections 1 and 2 PowerPoint

• Communist China, South, and Southeast Asia

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China Civil War and Its Aftermath

• After WWII there were 2 governments in China
• Chiang Kai-Shek and the Nationalists in the
  Southern and Central regions of China
• Mao Zedong and the Communists in the North

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Mao Zedong Chiang Kai Shek

• VS

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Civil War

• Full scale civil war followed
• Promises of land attracted millions of peasants
  to the Communist side
• By 1949 the Communists had won the war
• Chiang Kai-Shek and two million followers fled to
  the island of Taiwan.

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Communists Rule

• Two thirds of all peasant households received
  land
• Most private farmland was collectivized in order
  to increase farm production and free up labor for
  industrial jobs.
• Food production did not grow, but the population
  increased to 657 million people by 1957.

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Great Leap Forward

• Great Leap Forward- an attempt to speed up
  economic growth began in 1958.
• 700,000 smaller farms were combined into 26,000
  vast communes.
• Women and men worked together in the fields while
  child care was provided for their children.

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Long live the great leap forward!
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Did it work?

• This attempt failed due to poor weather
  conditions, as well as low morale.
• Food production decreased, and this led to a
  famine where nearly 15 million people died of
  starvation.
• By 1960 the government began returning to the old
  system of collective farming.

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Cultural Revolution

• Mao believed permanent revolution was necessary
  to achieve the final stage of communism.
• 1966 he launched the Great Proletarian Cultural
  Revolution
• He published a work of his ideas called the
  Little Red Book. It was found in every public
  place, school, and factory throughout China

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Cultural Revolution Red Guards

• Red guards were formed by Mao to enforce his
  cultural revolution.
• These groups were made up of mostly young people.
  
• They set out to destroy the FOUR OLDS
• Old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old
  habits.
• They destroyed temples, foreign books, art work,
  and foreign music.

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Burning books Remind you of anyone?
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China After Mao

• Mao died in 1976 at the age of 82
• A group of practical-minded reformers led by Deng
  Xiaoping seized power and ended the cultural
  revolution

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Policies of Deng Xiaoping

• He called for Four Modernizations-
• Industrial Policies
• Agricultural Policies
• Technological Policies
• National Defense Policies

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What methods were used?

• First, China invited foreign investment into
  their country to generate new industries
• Second, thousands of Chinese students were sent
  abroad to study science, technology, and modern
  business
• Finally, a new agricultural policy began.
  Collective farms could lease land to peasants.
  Peasants could also sell surplus crops, and sell
  products that they made.

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Successful?

• Modernization was a success
• Per capita income doubled during the 1980s.
• In the early 80s, most Chinese could not afford
  a bike, or a watch
• By the 90s most Chinese were buying
  refrigerators and color T.V.s

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Movement for Democracy

• Many Chinese wanted another modernization-
  Democracy
• Many students who went abroad learned about
  Democracy and western ideas.
• When they complained to the Communist
  governments, they were usually jailed for long
  periods of time.

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Tiananmen Square

• Many people from the cities of China witnessed
  corruption and preferential treatment for party
  members.
• In May of 1989, student protesters led protests
  calling for old Communist leaders to resign.
• Huge protests were held in Tiananmen Square in
  Bejing.
• Xiaoping sent troops to crush the protesters.
  Between 500 and 2,000 people were killed and many
  more injured.
• Why do you believe the numbers of those killed is
  not known?

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Chinese Society

• Today Chinese society is more relaxed. People can
  wear more western clothing, and buy more consumer
  goods.
• One goal still exists from Maos era Population
  control
• 1979, China began its one-child policy
• Incentives such as education benefits, child
  care, and housing were offered to those who
  limited their families to 1 child.

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Section 2

• South and Southeast Asia

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India Divided

• After British rule, Indias Muslims and Hindus
  were bitterly divided.
• Leaders decided to divide India into 2 countries
  Pakistan for Muslims and India for Hindus

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The New India

• Jawaharlal Nehru led the Congress Party and was
  the new President of India
• He implemented many ideas, many based on
  Britains labor party.
• The state owned major industries, utilities, and
  transportation
• Private enterprise at the local level was
  allowed, along with private farms.

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Nonalignment

• The principle of nonalignment was a foreign
  policy where India did not allign itself with
  either super power during the cold war.
• After Nehrus death, his daughter Indira Ghandi
  took over

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Problems

• Indira Ghandi, ruled from 1966-1984
• Indias population grew by 2 percent each year!
  This is a huge growth.
• This led to wide spread poverty.
• Millions of Indians lived in slums around cities.
  
• Mother Teresa, a Catholic nun, spent much time
  helping the poor, sick and dying

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Caste System

• Indias social classes were still broken down
  into castes
• The caste into which someone was born determined
  their jobs and role in society.
• If you were born into the lowest caste, you would
  remain in poverty.
• Today, discrimination based ones caste is
  illegal, yet it continues.

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Ethnic conflict

• Sikhs- followers of both Muslim and Hindu ideas
  lived in the northern province of Punjab. They
  wanted independence but Indira refused.
• Today, there is still much tension between
  Muslims and Hindus within India, as well as
  between India and Pakistan.

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• Eventually she is assassinated by Sikhs.
• Her son, Rajiv took over, and began transferring
  many industries to private hands.
• This led to a large increase in the middle class

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Pakistan

• Pakistan was originally split between east and
  west Pakistan.
• East Pakistan eventually becomes the independent
  nation of Bangladesh.
• Pakistan and Bangladesh have had difficulty
  sustaining stable governments
• Both nations are also very poor.

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Philippines and Indonesia

• In the Philippines, 2 leaders have recently been
  removed from office.
• In 1986, Ferdinand Marcos was forced to flee the
  nation on charges of corruption
• Another leader, Joseph Estrada was forced out in
  2001 on charges of corruption.
• The president today is Gloria Arroyo

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Problems today

• The new leader faces many new obstacles in the
  Philippines
• The economy of the Philippines has been hit very
  hard by the worldwide economic crisis
• Terrorism is also a major problem
• Muslim rebels on the island of Mindanao have used
  terror in an attempt to gain independence

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