The War of the Roses

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The War of the Roses

• Myth and Reality of the most epic period in
  English History

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Main Characters

• Two parties
• the Party of Lancaster (red rose)
• the Party of York (white rose)

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Lancaster

• Henry VI (1421-1471)
• Reign 1422-1461 and 1470-1471
• Marguerite d'Anjou, his wife
• Edward, Prince of Wales, his son

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Lancaster-Tudor

• Henry, Earl of Richmond (1455-1509) becomes Henry
  VII Tudor
• Reign 1485-1509

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Lancaster
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York

• Edward IV (1442-1483)
• Reign 1461-1470 and 1471-1483
• His father, Edward Duke of York (1461)

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York

• His sons
• Edward V (1470-1483) Richard of York
• George, Duke of Clarence (1478)

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York

• Richard of Gloucester (1452-1485), becomes
  Richard III
• Reign 1483-1485

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York
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Lords

• Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (1471)
• "the King Maker"
• His brothers George, archbishop of York
• John, Lord Montagu (1471)

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Lords

• Duke of Buckingham (1483)
• William, Lord Hastings (1483)

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Main Events

• First period troubles
• Henry VI weak, Sommerset and Suffolk plunder the
  state funds--gt Lancastrians unpopular
• 1449
• English lose Normandy
• 1450
• defeated soldiers
• numerous agitators (Jack Cade ...)--gtanarchy
• French corsairs

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• death of Suffolk
• 1453
• End of the 100 year war
• Henry VI becomes mad
• Birth of his son, Duke of York no more the heir
• Duke of York protector of the Kingdom
• Christmas 1454
• Henry VI recovers his mind
• Queen Marguerite and Sommerset at power

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• Second period first struggle for the power
• 1455
• battle of St Albans
• --gt Duke of York and Warwick capture the King
• 1456
• Queen Marguerite gets back her husband
• Each party raises troops
• 1456-57
• civil riots
• 1459
• Marguerite attacks
• Several battles --gt Yorkist leaders leave the
  country

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• 1460
• Yorkist leaders come back
• King captured at the battle of Northampton
• Duke of York becomes Heir of the Crown
• Marguerite still fights
• Duke of York and his oldest son, Edmond, killed
  at the Battle of Wakefield
• 1461
• Marguerite gets back her husband at the battle of
  St Albans
• Warwick and Edward take London and Edward becomes
  King (4th Mars)

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• Third period Reign of Edward IV (1461-1470)
• 1461
• Towton battle the biggest of the war and the
  final one
• 1461-1463
• guerilla warfare in Wales and extreme north
• 1463
• Marguerite flies in France
• 1464
• Death of the last Lancastrians leaders at the
  battles of Hedgeley Moor and Hexham

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• 1465
• King Henry VI captured
• 1461-1469
• Rise of the power of the Neville family
• George Archbishop of York and chancellor
• John, Marquis of Montagu, reigns over the north
• Warwick rules the army and the foreign office
• Edward tries to resist
• 1469
• Edward captured by the Nevilles and his brother
  George of Clarence

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• Fourth period new anarchy
• 1469
• Riots in London and in the whole country
• Lancastrian uprising at the Scottisch border
• Help of Edward necessary --gt more power
• 1470
• Conspiracy of Clarence and Warwick
• fails (battle of Lose-Coat Field)
• Clarence and Warwick flee in France
• Clarence, Warwick and Marguerite ally
• The alliance takes the power --gt Henry VI King

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• 1471
• Edward comes back with a small army
• Edward takes York
• Several battles in favour of Edward
• George Neville betrays the Lancastrians and gives
  up London and Henry VI to Edward
• Battle of Barnet Warwick and John killed
• Final battle of Tewkesbury
• Marguerite captured
• Her son is killed

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• Fifth period Reign of Edward IV (1471-1483)
• Happy period of peace and reconstruction
• Governs with the help of his faithful and clever
  brother Richard
• Dies unexpectedly of illness

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• Sixth period Reign of Richard III
• Richard of Gloucester becomes king with the help
  of the Duke of Buckingham in place of his nephew
  and despite the opposition of Hasting
• He kills his nephews
• He crashes Buckingham uprising
• He is killed by Henry, Earl of Richmond, at the
  battle of Bosworth
• Henry becomes Henry VII
• FOUNDS THE TUDOR DYNASTY

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