The End of the Cold War

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The End of the Cold War

• Nixons Administration

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Cold War Review

• Who were the Presidents that were involved in the
  Cold War that we have learned about so far?
• Truman
• Eisenhower
• JFK
• LBJ
• Nixon
• Ford
• Carter
• Reagan

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Cold War Review

• Who were the Soviet Premiers that were involved
  in the Cold War that we have learned about so
  far?
• Stalin
• Khrushchev
• Brezhnev
• Gorbachev

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Cold War Review

• What was the policy that the United States used
  during the Cold War?
• Containment
• What was the theory that the United States
  believed in that justified the use of
  containment?
• The Domino Theory
• What year did the Cold War begin and when would
  it eventually end?
• 1945 to 1991

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Election of 1968
Hubert Humphrey
Richard Nixon
George Wallace
Richard Nixon Spiro Agnew win
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Nixon Foreign Issues

1. Vietnam
2. China
3. The Soviet Union

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What was Nixons strategy for exiting Vietnam?

• QUESTION.

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Ending the War in Vietnam

• The United States had a moral dilemma on its
  hands.
• If the nation stayed in Vietnam?
• Loss of American life would continue, people
  would remain unhappy at home.
• If the nation left Vietnam immediately?
• Breaking a promise to South Vietnam, admitting
  defeat in the area, lose respect as a superpower,
  and soldiers died for nothing.
• BUT
• Vietnamization was doomed to fail.
• One North Vietnamese negotiator asked Henry
  Kissinger how Nixons plans for the South
  Vietnamese to conduct their own defense could
  succeed when America had not been able to prevail
  in the war with a half million of its own troops.
  This question foreshadowed the inevitable end to
  the conflict.

In 1973 The United States ends military
involvement in Vietnam In 1975 Saigon falls to
the North Vietnamese
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China The USSR
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China The USSR

• Since the establishment of the Peoples Republic
  of China in 1949, the Soviet Union and China did
  not get along. Why do you believe this would
  happen despite both being communist and
  superpowers?

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The United States China

• In spite of its hardline, anti-West posture,
  China also welcomed opening lines of
  communication with the United States in order to
  develop an ally against the Soviet Union, whom
  China had come to distrust as much or more than
  it distrusted America.
• Outcome?
• The United States recognized the government in
  Peking (Beijing) and began to trade with each
  other.

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The United States China

• In Feb 1972, President Richard Nixon became the
  first President to visit the Peoples Republic of
  China.
• "The Week That Changed The World"

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The United States The USSR

• In May of 1972, just three months after his
  China visit, Nixon again had an opportunity to
  exercise his negotiating abilities The USSR
  approached Nixon about nuclear reduction talks,
  but their real agenda was that the USSR needed
  to purchase U.S. grain, and they were deeply
  concerned that the new U.S. - China relationship
  would leave Russia out in the cold.
• Outcome?
• The United States recognized the government in
  Peking (Beijing) and began to trade with each
  other.

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The United States The USSR

• Nixon would fly to Moscow and negotiate on
  nuclear reduction, trade, and more.
• Nixon Brezhnev

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What is the term we use to describe Nixons
actions resulting in the relaxation of tension
between governments?
Detente

• QUESTION.

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The United States The USSR

• What came from Nixons trip to Moscow?
• 750 million deal on wheat, corn, and grain.
• The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) was
  signed. Agreement to stop production on nuclear
  ballistic missiles.
• However, the arms race would NOT end due to SALT
  I.

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By 1974

• South Vietnam was falling
• The Middle East was unstable
• Communism was spreading to South America

Soon, the monumental Nixon/Kissinger team would
fade from the scene and exit the world stage
forever.
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Nixon Domestic Issues

1. The Government
2. The South
3. Space
4. The Environment
5. Stagflation
6. Watergate

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Nixon Domestic Issues

• The Government

• The South

• Nixon believed the federal government had too
  much power responsibility.
• New Federalism was his answer.
• To combat what Nixon believed was a liberal
  Supreme Court, Nixon appointed new Supreme Court
  judges.
• Consequence?
• The new judges did not have to side with Nixon
  once appointed.

• Nixon wanted to tweak Johnsons Great Society.
• How?
• Nixons Southern Strategy
• His goal?
• To win over the southern Democrats who voted for
  Wallace in the 1968 Election.
• Would he succeed?
• Yes No.

Examples of the Burger Courts Rulings? Ruled
that the death penalty was unconstitutional Uphel
d the ruling in Roe v. Wade
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Nixon Domestic Issues

• Space

• The Environment

• In 1962, JFK promised to get America on the moon
  before the end of the decade.
• On July 20th, 1969?
• Apollo 11 reaches the moon carrying Buzz Aldridge
  Neil Armstrong.

• Back on earth
• The impact of industrial pollutants on wild
  human life raised concern.
• Nixons Administration created
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Clean Air Act of 1970
• Endangered Species Act of 1973
• Consequences?
• Without raising taxes the federal deficit grew
  even larger.

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Stagflation

• What causes it?

• A shock to the system in the supply category.
• In this case?
• The Oil Embargo during the 70s.
• Inflation rates rose from 9 (1973) to 12 (1974)
  and would stay in the double digits through the
  70s 80s.
• STAGNATION INFLATION
• STAGFLATION
• Consequences?
• Well, what do people do when they need more
  money?
• HIGHER UNEMPLOYMENT.

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(No Transcript)
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Watergate
A Quick Review