Age of Jackson

1
Age of Jackson

• Chapter 10

2
Election of 1824
John Quincy Adams vs. Andrew Jackson
3
Election of 1824
4
Democracy Expands

• What does democracy expands mean?
• In the 1700s government was managed and
  controlled by wealthy male property owners
• Why does it matter who manages or controls the
  government?
• This imbalance of power alienated the majority of
  Americans

5
Results

• States change voting qualifications
• Allows more white men to vote. How?
• Freed blacks are still denied this right.
• Creation of nominating conventions which allows
  the members of the party to nominate its
  candidates.
• This time period is known as Jacksonian Democracy

6
Election of 1828

• Rematch of the 1824 Election
• The Democratic-Republican party splits
• Democratic Party ? Jackson
• National Republican Party ? John Q. Adams

7
Election of 1828

• Jackson
• War hero
• Man of the people
• Bad temper
• Crude and unrefined

• Adams
• Experienced
• Son of John Adams
• Harvard educated
• Out of touch with the common man
• Not very charismatic

8
Election of 1828
9
Jacksons Administration

• Spoils System
• Vice President ? John C. Calhoun
• From South Carolina
• Secretary of State ? Martin Van Buren
• From New York
• Kitchen Cabinet ? predecessor of the modern white
  house staff

10
Sectionalism Increases

• By this time the United States has divided itself
• Three distinct parts
• The South
• The North
• The West

11
The North

• Economy based on
• Trade
• Manufacturing
• Supported Tariffs
• Why?
• Opposed the sale of public lands for low prices

12
The South

• Economy based on agriculture
• Most dependent on cash crops
• Cotton
• Tobacco
• Against Tariffs
• Why?
• Relied heavily on slavery

13
The West

• Was an emerging economy
• People in the West where concerned with 2 things
• Cheap land
• Internal improvements

14
Tariff of Abominations

• A high tariff on imports
• Passed by congress before Andrew Jackson took
  office
• This causes sectionalism to increase
• Why?

15
Nullification Crisis

• Many of the southern economies suffered because
  of the tariff
• South Carolina in particular suffered because of
  tariffs
• John C. Calhoun will take the side of the
  southern states

16
States Rights Doctrine

• Calhoun writes the South Carolina Exposition and
  Protest
• In this document Calhoun argued two things
• Because the states had formed the national
  government they should be more powerful than the
  national government
• States had the right to nullify any federal law
  they thought was unconstitutional
• Calhoun resigns from the Office of the Vice
  President and is replaced by Van Buren

17
Nullification Debate Continues

• After resigning Calhoun runs for election in the
  Senate and wins
• Uses this as a platform for arguing in favor of
  the States Rights Doctrine
• Based on principles established by Madison and
  Jefferson in the Virginia and Kentucky
  Resolutions

18
Hayne vs. Webster

• Robert Y. Hayne
• Senator for South Carolina
• Defends the states rights to nullify federal law
• Argues that it provides states with a lawful way
  to protest federal laws

• Daniel Webster
• Senator from Massachusetts
• Argues that the Union is one Nation, not a pact
  among independent states
• Believed that the Nation gt States

19
Jacksons Views

• Opposed to nullification
• Urged congress to decrease the tariff
• South Carolina thought the new tariff was still
  too high

20
South Carolina vs Andrew Jackson

• Nullification Act
• Passed by South Carolina
• Declared that the federal tariffs where null and
  void
• Threatened to withdraw from the union if federal
  troops where used to enforce the tariff
• Also voted to form their own army

• Force Bill
• Passed by congress
• Requested by Jackson
• It allowed the President to use force (army) if
  necessary
• This causes the other southern states to not
  support South Carolina

21
Compromise

• Proposed by Henry Clay
• Will gradually decrease the tariff over a number
  of years
• Is quickly passed to prevent violent
  confrontation in South Carolina
• Like the Missouri Compromise before it, this does
  not change the opinions of either side