Russia and the Western Republics

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Russia and the Western Republics

• Ch. 16-1

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A History of Expansionism

• The Russian state began in the region between the
  Baltic and Black Seas.
• Today this area is made up of these countries
  Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic
  Republics -Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania

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Orange-Varangian Trade Routes Red-Volga Trade
Route Purple-Trade Route from the Varangians to
the Greeks
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Birth of an Empire

• Vikings established settlement near Kiev.
• Settlement expanded and flourished, adopted
  Slavic customs from locals

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• 1200s-Mongols invaded, halted Russian growth
• Mongols controlled region until late 1400s

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• Genghis Khan

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Extent of Mongol Empire in 13th Century
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• Ivan the Great ends Mongol rule
• Russia expands again
• By 1700s, empire extends to Pacific Ocean

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Russia Lags Behind Western Europe

• Science and technology inferior to European
  rivals
• Peter the Great (czar-emperor) sought to change
  this

Lived 1672 1725, ruled from 1682 and solely
from 1696
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Action

• Moved capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg
• Russians called it the window to the west

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• Peter made impressive strides, but the empire
  couldnt keep up with Western European countries
• When Russia industrialized, it led to poor
  working conditions and low wages

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The Rise and the Fall of the Soviet Union

• WWI-(1914-1918)-Russian Revolution-peoples anger
  exploded into a revolt that ended the rule of the
  czars.
• Communist Party, led by Vladimir Lenin, took
  control of government and economy.

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• 1922, Communist Party organizes the Union of
  Soviet Socialist Republics or USSR
• WWII-(1939-1945) Joseph Stalin leads USSR.

Lenin lived, Lenin is alive, Lenin will live
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• WWII-USSR and US fight together against Nazi
  Germany. As war ends, relations are strained
  between the countries.
• Stalin creates pro-Soviet govts in Eastern
  European countries

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Soviets and Americans end World War II
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• US fears that Stalin will spread communism all
  over the world.
• The ensuing conflict is called the Cold War
• The war never grew into an open conflict

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• 1980s-Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev gave Soviet
  people more economic and political freedom
• Leads to the fall of the Soviet Union finally in
  1991.

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