The Endocrine System

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The Endocrine System

• Chapter 39
• Coordination of body systems by
• Chemical control of hormones

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I A. Systems that chemically coordinate
the body

• NERVOUS
• ENDOCRINE

• Stimuli-response
• Rapid response
• Short time
• Stimuli-response
• Slow response
• Lasts long time
• BothHOMEOSTASIS

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B.Components of the Endocrine system

• 1. Glands make ?
• Hormones or chemical messengers
• 2. Travel through ?
• Blood stream
• (Ductless glands)
• 3. To where ?
• Specific Target Organs

Pituitary Thyroid Thymus Adrenal Pancreas Ovari
es Testes
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Feedback thermostat . . . . . . .
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Feed back loop . . . . . . .

• High Blood sugar
• Pancreas makes insulin
• Sugar enters the cells
• Blood sugar lowered

• Low Blood sugar
• Pancreas makes
• glucagon
• Sugar leaves the liver
• Blood sugar is increased

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High Blood sugar
Glucagon Releases Sugar From liver
Pancreas makes Insulin
Cell needs sugar
Low Blood Sugar
Sugar goes into the cell
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2 Categories of Hormones

• Steroid Hormones
• Non-Steroid Hormones

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IIA.Hypothalamus Brain area that controls the
Master Gland Pituitary
Also controls oxytocin for uterus contraction
ADH for water balance in the kidneys
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PituitaryThe Master Gland that controls other
endocrine glands

• Makes
• TSH Thyroid stimulating hormone for
• metabolism
• LH FSH for
• Reproduction
• GH Growth hormone
• ACTH hormone
• Oxytocin
• Prolactin
• ADH
• MSH

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Thyroid controls metabolism with thyroxine
hormone

• Pituitary gland controls the thyroid with TSH
• Iodine is important for the thyroid tissue
• Goiter results from lack of iodine
• Also releases calcitonin

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Parathyroid
Thymus
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Adrenal Medulla makes epinephrine
norepinepthrine

• Adrenal gland sits on top of the kidney
• Controls fight or flight response
• Superhuman strength _at_ adrenaline

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Pancreas Regulates sugar balance

• Insulin
• sugar into cells
• Glucagon
• sugar leaves the liver

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Insulin sources for diabetics

• From domestic livestock
• Genetically engineered bacteria

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Examples of hormones glands...

• Mammary glands
• prolactin
• Ovaries make
• estrogen
• Testes make
• testosterone
• Adrenal make
• adrenaline