Adjective Clauses who whom which that whose when where

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Adjective Clauseswhowhomwhichthatwhos
ewhen where

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We use adjective clauses also called
relative clauses to identify or give additional
information about nouns (people, places, or
things)
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Who and Whom are used only for
people.Who is the subject of the clause.After
who you should see a verbWhom is the object of
the clause. After whom you should see a subject
(noun or pronoun)
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Sentences with adjective clauses can be
seen as combination of two sentences.I have a
friend. She loves to shopI have a friend who
loves to shop.
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who

• The man is playing baseball.
• The man is holding a bat.
• The man who is holding the bat is playing baseball

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whom

• I see the doctor in the room.
• The doctor is my father.
• The doctor whom you see in the room is my father.

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Which is used only for thingswhich can be
both subject and object of the clause.
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which

• The telephone is in your room.
• The telephone is ringing.
• The telephone which is in your room is ringing.

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That is used for both people and things.
(less formal than whom and which)That can be
both subject and object of the clause.
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that

• I see the flowers.
• The flowers are in the pond
• The flowers that you see are in the pond.
• I see the flowers that are in the pond.

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Whose is the possessive and is used for
both people and things and must be followed by a
noun.Whose noun can be subject or objectI
heard the scientist whose work is attracting
interest.I met the scientist whose work I admire.
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whose

• The girl is crying.
• Her cat is sick.
• The girl whose cat is sick is crying.

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The verb in the adjective clause is
singular if the subject relative clause refers to
a singular noun. It is plural if it refers to a
plural noun.Ben is my friend who lives in
Boston.John and Alex are my friends who live in
Boston.
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The boy is my friend.He lives down the
street.Two news articles were written by my
science professor.They appeared in the latest
edition of Nova.The Japanese food is
sashimi.Keith likes it best.
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The boy who lives down the street is my
friend.Two news articles which appeared in the
latest edition of Nova were written by my science
professor.The Japanese food that Keith likes
best is sashimi.
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The people are very interesting.Maria
works for them.The TV newscaster is on channel
7.I trust her opinions most.
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The people whom Maria works for are very
interesting.The TV newscaster whose opinions I
trust most is on channel 7.
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Whowhomwhichthat(0)can be the object
of the preposition in its clause. If the
preposition is at the beginning of the clause,
whom or which must be used
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In formal English we put the preposition
at the beginning of the clause. Also, we use
only whom not who or that to refer to people, and
which not that to refer to things.Hes the
writer who I work for.Hes the writer for whom I
work.Thats the book that I told you
about.Thats the book______________
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She is a scientist.We agree with
her.She is a scientist whom we agree with. She
is a scientist with whom we agree. She has
developed a theory which/that (0) we are
interested in. She has developed a theory in
which we are interested.
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Where modifies the noun place (country,
city, building, house, room, street, and so on)
I want to know the name of the city where you
were born
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When modifies the noun time ( century,
year, day, night,) Your friend wants to know
when you were born.
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Adjective Clauses come in two types

NON RESTRICTIVE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
RESTRICTIVE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
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Restrictive adjective clausesidentify
the noun or pronoun modified. They give
information needed in order to know who or what
the pronoun refers to.
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My sister who lives in California is a
doctor.The car that has broken headlights
belongs to my brother.
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Nonrestrictive adjective clauses give
extra information about the noun or the pronoun
but is not needed to identify it.
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My sister, who lives in California, is a
doctor.The Eiffel Tower has an elevator, which
I rode to the top.
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Nonrestrictive adjective clauses

• Use
• who, which, whom, whose,
• Where, when

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In nonrestrictive adjective clausesDo not
use the relative pronounTHATDo not omit the
object relative pronounAlways put commas around
a nonrestrictive clause
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Adjective phrasesdo not have a subject
and do not have a verb. They can only be formed
from clauses with subject relative pronouns.
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To change an adjective clause with be to an
adjective phrase, delete the subject relative
pronoun and the form of be
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The book which is written in Spanish is
difficult.The book written in Spanish is
difficult.Any students who are in this class
can learn to speak English.Any students in this
class can learn to speak English.
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To form an adjective phrase with a verb
other than Be, delete the subject relative
pronoun and change the verb to its present
participle (-ing) form
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People who live in big cities often see
new movies.People living in big cities often
see new movies
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If an adjective clause is restrictive the
adjective phrase is restrictive.If an adjective
clause is nonrestrictive, the adjective phrase is
nonrestrictive
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The End!