WWI and the 1920s

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WWI and the 1920s
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Vocabulary

• Ally A country that agrees to help another
  country achieve a common goal.
• War bond A low-interest loan by civilians to the
  government.
• Patriotism Love or devotion for ones country.
• Draft A government call for registered citizens
  to engage in active military service

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U.S.-Mexico Conflict

• 1910- Revolution begins in MX because citizens
  had grown tired of their poor living conditions.
• During revolution Francisco Pancho Villa is
  angered that U.S. does not recognize him as
  leader.
• Villa begins raiding and killing U.S. citizens
  across the border (1911-1918)
• Gen. John J. Pershing sent to capture Villa in
  Mexico
• Angered by U.S. invasion, Mexicans help hide
  Villa
• 1918 Mexican government strikes a deal with
  Villa to stop his raids.

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Pancho Villa
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Start of WWI

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is
  assassinated in Bosnia by a secret society known
  as the Black Hand. (June 28, 1914)
• WWI begins on July 28, 1914, when Austria-Hungary
  declares war on Serbia.

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Franz Ferdinand/Gavrilo Princip (assassin)
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Triple Entente (Allies)

• France, Great Britain, and Russia. Also Italy,
  Serbia, Belgium and several other countries.
• The U.S. will join in 1917.

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Triple Alliance (Central Powers)

• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and
  Bulgaria.
• http//www.dartmouth.edu/gov46/ottoman-empire-158
  0.gif

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Main Factors U.S. enters WWI

• May 7, 1915 A British passenger ship was sunk
  off the coast of Ireland by a German U-Boat.
  About 1,200 people died including 128 Americans.
• The sinking of the Lusitania outraged Americans
• U-Boats (Underwater Boats) German submarines

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Lusitania
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Lusitania
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U.S. Newspapers
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Main Factors U.S. enters WWI

• Zimmerman Telegraph Sent by Foreign Secretary of
  Germany, Arthur Zimmerman, in January of 1917 to
  Mexico.
• Germany was asking Mexico to join them and fight
  against the U.S.
• In return Germany would help Mexico regain land
  that they lost in the Mexican Cession (Texas, New
  Mexico, and Arizona)
• Telegraph intercepted by the British.

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Zimmerman TelegraphEncoded/Decoded
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U.S. enters WWI

• President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress for
  permission to go to war on April 2, 1917.
• U.S. Congress officially declared war on Germany
  on April 6, 1917.
• The U.S. joined the Allies.

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(No Transcript)
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Texans in WWI

• Nearly 198,000 Texans served in the armed forces
  including about 450 nurses.
• By 1918 nearly 5,000 Texans had died.
• Many military training camps were started in TX.
• The largest aviation training center in the U.S.
  was established at Kelly Field in San Antonio.

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What did war look like in WWI?

• Large Tanks
• Chemical/Gas Warfare (Mustard Gas)
• Rapid fire weapons
• Trench Warfare
• Zeppelin

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Zeppelin
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End of WWI

• Fighting ended in WWI on November 11, 1918, when
  Germany signed an armistice with the Allies.
  (11th hour, 11th day of the 11th month)
• Armistice a state of peace agreed to between
  opponents so they can discuss peace terms
  (agreement to stop all fighting)
• Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed by
  Germany with the Allies on June 28, 1919 to end
  the war.
• 8-10 million soldiers were killed.

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Armistice Day/Veterans Day

• First Armistice Day November 11, 1919.
• Changed to a federal holiday in 1938.
• In 1954 it was changed to Veterans Day by
  President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

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Racial and Ethnic Tensions

• Texans and Americans grew to hate Germany, along
  with its culture.
• It made life for German immigrants in TX and the
  U.S. difficult.
• ¼ of the U.S. soldiers were African Americans and
  they still found themselves targets of
  segregation. More severe in the South.
• Mexican Americans were also threatened and denied
  many opportunities.

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Postwar Growth of Top Industries in TX

• Growth of oil industry during the 1920s was most
  important economic development after WWI.
• Agriculture remained the leading economic force
  in TX during 1920s. By the end of the 1920s, the
  value of agricultural products was three times
  that of oil.
• Farmers overproduced and many refused to slow
  down production which dropped the price of crops.

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Cont.

• By 1920s automobiles were becoming common in TX.
  Farmers could transport by truck now and not just
  railroads.
• Farm work was made faster and simpler by creating
  tractors to replace mules and horses. They also
  created combines which did the work of both
  binders and threshers increasing wheat production.

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Problems with Prohibition

• The prohibition period lasted for about 13 years
  until it was ended in 1933 with the 21st
  amendment.
• The 21st amendment (ended prohibition) repealed
  the 18th amendment which banned the manufacture,
  distribution, and sale of alcohol.

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Intolerance on the Rise

• Intolerance An unwillingness to accept different
  people, ideas, or behaviors.
• The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) declared that its postwar
  goals were to preserve patriotism and moral
  behavior.
• Its members openly opposed Catholics, Jews,
  African Americans, and Hispanics.
• The KKK grew to 100,000 members and had elected
  members to important offices in TX and the U.S.

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Ku Klux Klan (KKK)