Chapter 26 - wwi

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Chapter 26 - wwi

1. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
2. NEW KIND OF WAR
3. WHO WON
4. AFTER EFFECTS
5. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

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• From 1914 to 1919, World War I erupted in Europe
• This Great War was the largest, most
  destructive war the world had yet seen

WORLD WAR I
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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
The Industrial Revolution led to imperialism
around the world a fight for colonies
Europeans believed that to be great, nations
had to have strong militaries
Competition over new colonies led to increased
anger between European countries.
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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I

• From 1870 to 1914, a number of developments
  gradually increased tensions among the European
  powers that led to the outbreak of World War I

The causes of World War I MILITARISM
ALLIANCES IMPERIALISM NATIONALISM
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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
MILITARISM
The Industrial Revolution led to large,
advanced militaries in Europe
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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
MILITARISM

• As a result, an arms race began among European
  nations, especially between Britain Germany

• Nations glorified military power kept an army
  prepared for war (called militarism)

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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
ALLIANCES

• Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary made up the
  Triple Alliance

• England, France, Russia formed the Triple
  Entente

• Growing rivalries among nations led to the
  formation of two military alliances that
  threatened to draw European nations into war

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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
ALLIANCES

• CENTRAL POWERS
• Austria-Hungary
• Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
• Bulgaria
• Germany
• German colonial empire
• Ottoman Empire (including Kurds, Chechens,
  Circassians, Azeris, Arabs)
• Bosnia

• A Triple Alliance was signed between Otto Von
  Bismarck, from Germany, Italy and the
  Austria-Hungary empire
• After World War I broke out, Italy decided not to
  fight for the Central Powers.

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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
ALLIANCES

• ALLIED POWERS
• Belgium Portugal
• Brazil Russia
• China Romania
• Cuba United Kingdom
• France colonial
• Greece powers
• Italy United States
• Japan Serbia
• Liberia
• Nepal

• The Triple Entente was a pact signed between
  France, Russia and Britain.
• With The Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance
  forming sides were aligning for War.

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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
IMPERIALISM

• European nations competed fiercely for colonies
  in Africa Asia

• Competition for colonies often pushed Europeans
  to the brink of war

England France argued over rights to the Sudan
Germany France almost went to war three times
over Morocco
Germany, England, Russia argued over building a
railroad in India
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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
NATIONALISM

• Rivalries due to militarism imperialism
  increased nationalism among European powers

Austrian national poster, 1900
British propaganda poster, 1897
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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
NATIONALISM

• While nationalism unified people in the powerful
  nations, it was dividing people in weakening
  empires

Slavic people in Serbia wanted to unify all Slavs
but Austria-Hungary opposed giving up the largely
Slavic territories Bosnia Herzegovina
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I. LEADING TO WORLD WAR I
NATIONALISM

• Serbia, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania
  broke from the Ottoman Empire to create new
  nations

The Balkans became a powder keg waiting for a
spark to blow up
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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR
Serbians vowed to take Bosnia Herzegovina
from Austria-Hungary
On June 28, 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Archduke
Franz Ferdinand his wife were assassinated by a
Serbian terrorist
http//youtu.be/los6obvBbqU
http//youtu.be/-E6e8BW0l-E
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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR
On July 23, Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum
to Serbia turn over conspirators allow an
investigationORgo to war
These events set off a chain reaction that
started World War I
When Serbia balked at some of the terms,
Austria-Hungary declared war on July 28, 1914
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I.I NEW KIND OF WAR
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia its ally
Russia
On August 4, 1914, England declared war on
Germany Austria-Hungary
On August 1, 1914, Germany declared war on Russia
On August 3, 1914, Germany declared war on France
Russia mobilized for war to protect Serbia
Italy backed out of its agreement with Germany
Austria-Hungary
and joined the Allies
http//youtu.be/-3UjJ5kxiLI
On July 28,1914, Serbia declined the ultimatum
World War I had begun
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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR

• When the war began, Germanys biggest problem was
  the potential of fighting on two fronts

http//youtu.be/uMRlSRRj0FI

• Germanys solution was the Schlieffen Plan which
  involved quickly defeating France in the West

then sending troops to the East before Russia
was fully mobilized for war
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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR

• Because the Schlieffen Plan failed, the Central
  Powers were forced to fight a two-front war

• The fighting between Germany France was known
  as the Western Front

• The fighting between Germany Russia was known
  as the Eastern Front

• By 1915, the war settled into a stalemate as each
  side fortified their positions with trenches

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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR
The soldiers had very little decent food, and
what food they had was often attacked by
rats. These rats were the size of small rabbits
and badgers because they had fed on the
decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.
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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR

• New weapons were invented to try to gain an
  advantage win the war

Machine guns
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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR
Long-range artillery
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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR
Tanks
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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR
Airplanes zeppelins
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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR
Flamethrowers grenade launchers
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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR
Poison gas
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Submarines
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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR

• New weapons killed soldiers more effectively
  During World War I, 8.5 million soldiers died
  21 million were wounded

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Ii. NEW KIND OF WAR

• To keep Germany from trading with other nations,
  Britain used its navy to blockade Europe

• German u-boat attacks played a role in bringing
  the USA into World War I

• Germany responded by using unrestricted submarine
  warfare to attack the British navy any
  merchant ships supplying the Allies

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When World War I began in 1914, the United
States remained neutral
But, the USA was pulled into the war by 1917
As a neutral nation, the USA was trading with the
Allies during the war
Germanys policy of unrestricted submarine
warfare led to attacks on U.S. merchant ships
British passenger ships
President Woodrow Wilson demanded freedom of the
seas but Germany refused
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Americans were outraged in May 1915 when a German
u-boat sank the British ship Lusitania killing
1,200 people including 128 Americans
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Americas anger with Germany increased in 1917
after the discovery of the Zimmerman Telegram
Germany knew that u-boat attacks would
eventually bring the USA into war
Germany proposed that Mexico attack the USA in
exchange for the return of Texas, New Mexico,
Arizona
Americans were outraged
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On April 2, 1917, the United States declared war
on Germany entered the war
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The arrival of millions of American soldiers in
1918 gave a boost the Allies
But in November 1917, Russia signed a peace
exited the war
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By 1918, the Central Powers were running out of
supplies tried a massive attack into France
But, the Allies halted the attack pushed back
Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary
surrendered in October 1918
On November 11, 1918 Germany agreed to an
armistice (ceasefire) World War I finally came
to an end
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Iv. After effects

• Homes, farms, towns were destroyed The war cost
  338 billion most national treasuries were
  empty

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In 1919, representatives from 32 nations
attended the Paris Peace Conference to write a
treaty to end the war
The conference was led by the Big Four
Britain, France, Italy, the United States
Neither Germany nor any of the Central Powers
were allowed to attendRussia could not attend
because they already quit World War I
French Premier George Clemenceau
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
British Prime Minister David Lloyd George
Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando
Iv. After effects
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Iv. After effects

• Britain France wanted to weaken Germany so it
  could never go to war again

• Britain France wanted Germany to accept full
  blame, pay reparations, lose all overseas
  colonies

• U.S. President Woodrow Wilson disagreed the these
  harsh punishments for Germany

French Premier George Clemenceau
British Prime Minister David Lloyd George

• President Wilson presented his own peace
  proposal known as the Fourteen Points

U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando
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Iv. After effects

• They agreed on the Treaty of Versailles
• The major provisions of the Versailles Treaty
  included

• The League covenant included an agreement that
  all member nations would work together to stop
  future acts of aggression

• A League of Nations that would serve as an
  international organization to keep peace among
  nations

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Iv. After effects
The terms of the treaty severely punished Germany
Germany had to give up land in Europe all of
its overseas colonies
Germany was forced to sign the war guilt clause
accepting all blame for the war pay 33 billion
in reparations to the Allies
The German military was reduced to 100,000
troops, 6 warships, no submarines, could not
manufacture war equipment
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Iv. After effects
In addition, the Treaty of Versailles redrew the
map of Europe the Middle East
Land was taken from Germany to create Poland The
German-French border was demilitarized to avoid a
future invasion
Ottoman Empire was divided Britain France
gained mandates in the Middle East
Central Europe was redrawn to reduce the power of
the Austro-Hungarian Empire
New nations were created from territories that
Russia gave up when it left the war early
The mandates gave Britain France control over
oil resources in the Middle East
Europe the Middle East Before After World
War I
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Iv. After effects
The terms of the Versailles Treaty caused
problems bitterness in many nations, especially
Germany
The Treaty of Versailles was said to be a peace
built on quicksand
The treaty did not address the M.A.I.N. causes of
WWI
High unemployment desire for revenge would lead
to aggressive dictators in the 1920s 1930s