Unit 3 Revolution

1
Unit 3 Revolution

• French Areas Quebec, St. Lawrence River Valley,
  Great Lakes, Mississippi River
•  
• Interested in fur trading not colonies
•  
• Better relationship with the Indians
•  
• English colonies want to expand and farm ( soil
  depletion )
•  
• Indians resist the English expansion and ally
  with the French

2
French and Indian War

• Old Rivalry Multiple wars fought between French
  and English in past centuries
• 1754 conflict ignites again as French building
  forts near the Virginia border
• Virginia Govt sends George Washington to fight
  against the French)

3
French and Indian War

• The French easily defeat Washington and his
  militia
• Victory will eventually be won by the English
•  
• Treaty of Paris, 1763 France loses almost all
  lands in North America (Louisiana)

4
Issues After War

• Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against the
  British forts
•  
• Conflict become costly for Britain
•  
• Proclamation of 1764 States that no colonist
  could cross the Appalachian Mtns.
• Colonist ignore the law and continue to provoke
  the Indians

5
Tensions

• British are heavily in debt b/c of the war and
  keeping a British Army in America
•  
• Trading restrictions are passed to levy duties (
  collect taxes ), smugglers avoid taxes
• Sugar Act affected merchants and traders
  protests began against taxation without
  representation, James Otis

6
Beginning of Rebellion section2

• Parliament Passes the Stamp Act Places a direct
  tax on the colonist SAS Interactivity
• required stamp on all legal documents,
  newspapers, licenses, cards
•  
• taxed the rich and the poor
•  
• Quartering Act, 1765 placed military in the
  homes of the colonist

7
Beginning of Resistance

• Sons of Liberty group of colonist that secretly
  harassed and led protests Boston Sam Adams and
  John Adams
•  
• No taxation without representation
•  
• Stamp Agents bill collectors were harassed
• Law Repealed

8
Rebellion

• Townshend Acts
• new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass,
  paper, and paint
•  
• Colonists again reacted with protests
•  
• British reacted by sending more troops

9
Boston Massacre

• March 1770 British soldiers are being harassed
  by Boston townsfolk
•  
• British Guns British fire on the crowd, 5 die,
  Crispus Attucks is the first to fall
•  
• John Adams represents the soldiers in court,
  most are found not guilty

10
Tea Party

• Taxes on Tea lowered the tax but it was
  enforced
•  
• Monopoly on tea given to British Tea Companies
•  
• Dec. 1773 Colonist raided Boston harbor dressed
  as Indians and threw the British tea into the
  harbor before setting the British ships on fire

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Intolerable Acts

• Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) laws passed as
  a reaction to the Tea Party
•  
• Punishments
•  
• Closed the Boston Harbor until tea was repaid
• Suspended basic civil rights writ of habeas
  corpus
• Placed more soldiers in the homes
•  
• Colonial Reaction Began the Committees of
  Correspondence, which spread the word through
  the colonies, colonial militias form

12
Down With The King section 3

• 1st Continental Congress SAS Interactivity
• 1774 1st meeting in Philadelphia to discuss the
  rights of the colonies, Dickenson of Penn wants
  peace agree to meet again in one year

13
Lexington and Concord

• April 1775 British try to seize weapons stored
  in Concord
•  
• Riders Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel
  Prescott ride to warn colonist (Redcoats are
  coming)
•  
• Conflict minutemen met British on the road at
  Lexington
•  
• Guerilla Warfare colonial militia battle the
  British along the road to Concord

14
2nd Continental Congress

• May 1775 Called for an army and appointed
  Washington as leader
•  
• Doves some call for Peace (Dickenson of Penn)

15
Common Sense

• At the Second Continental Congress, some
  delegates wanted independence. Others still felt
  loyal to Britain.
• Thomas Paines pamphlet Common Sense swayed
  public opinion toward independence. Finally, the
  Second Continental Congress agreed.

16
Bunker Hill

• June 1775 Colonist establish a position on
  Breeds Hill overlooking Boston
•  
• Ammo British charge the hill 3 times, deadliest
  battle of the war, Colonial retreat due to lack
  of ammo

17
Olive Branch

• July 1775 2nd Continental Congress sends King
  George a petition to return to the peace of the
  past
•  
• King George refuses the petition and urges the
  rebellion be put down in the most severe fashion

18
Common Sense

• Loyalist people still loyal to the King and
  crown
•  
• Patriots people in support of Independence
•  
• Common Sense written by Thomas Paine in Jan.
  1776 urging independence for the colonies

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Independence part 4

• June of 1776 Congress was debating Independence
•  
• Richard Henry Lee Proposes a formal declaration
  be written
•  
• Committee appointed to work on the document
  (Adams, Jefferson, Franklin)
•  
• Purpose of the Document
• Think pair share 25 sec

20
Independence

• Explain to give the reasons for independence
• Thomas Jefferson writes most of the document
  with Congress editing the final version
• July 4, 1776 The document is finalized and
  issued

21
The Declaration of Independence (Continued)

• The Declaration said that the purpose of
  government is to protect the rights of the
  people.
• Government is based on consent of the people. If
  it disregards their rights or their will, the
  people are entitled to change or overthrow it.
• The Second Continental Congress approved the
  Declaration on July 4, 1776.

22
Concepts in Declaration

• Jefferson took many ideas from the Enlightened
  Thinkers
•  
• John Locke Natural Rights and the Social
  Contract
•  
• Rousseau all men are created equal
• Enlightenment Philosophers Sas Interactivity

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Declaration

• Reasons for the declaration listed specific
  grievances against the King and Parliament does
  not describe any particular form of govt for the
  new nation
• List of possible reasons w/shoulder partner
• Look in book p. compare and see how close you were

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Choosing Sides

• Loyalists those who remained loyal to the King,
  often called Tories

25
Choosing Sides

• Patriots those who supported the move for
  independence risked everything because they
  could be hanged as traitors

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Part 5 Revolutionary WarEarly defeats

• British Early British capture all of the major
  colonial cities New York, Boston, Philadelphia,
  Charleston
• Washingtons Retreat Washingtons army began
  the retreat after the defeat of New York

27
Choosing sides

• Undecided as many as a third of the colonists
  were undecided as to whether independence or
  remaining as part of England was best for them
• Now choose sides and create a propaganda poster
  to bolster support for either the Tories or
  Patriots

28
War

• British Early Strategy To cut the head off of
  the snake, divide the New England colonies
  (troublemakers) from the others
• Map of British strategy

29
Gentleman's War

• ROE
• Usually they would meet in a field (open ground)
• March in formation (30-60yrds)
• Fired volley on command reload.
• Brown Bess v. American Rifle
• Field Artillery
• Guerilla tactics (minutemen)

30
Patriot Victories

• Not many just enough to keep the hope alive
•  
• Dec 1776 Trenton British are upset at the
  tactics of the Rebels.
•  
• Jan 1777 Princeton again not playing by the
  rules
• Revolutionary war battle!!!!!!!!!

31
Turning Point

• The Battle of Saratoga Large British force is
  defeated at Saratoga in Oct 1777 gave France and
  the rest of Europe reason to support the war in
  America

32
Valley Forge

• Campsite Washingtons army spent the winter of
  77-78
•  
• British forces occupied nearby cities
•  
• Starvation many of the American soldiers died
  of cold and starvation

33
Problems with Congress

• Congress struggled to gain supplies for the
  forces lack of govt
• Think pair share How might these problems
  influence the formation of future gov

34
War on the Home Front

• Inflation prices soared in the colonies and
  shortages occurred
•  
• Women took over the main jobs of men who were
  at war

35
Foreign Help

• France Marquis de Lafayette led a volunteer
  army from France
•  
• Prussia Friedrich von Steuben trained patriot
  soldiers
•  
• Casmir Pulaski led and trained American
  soldiers

36
Southern Campaign

• Southern Strategy the British tried to divide
  the southern colonies
•  
• Charleston Captured by Cornwallis
•  
• Kings Mountain Won by the Patriots kept the
  British out of North Carolina
•  
• Cowpens Patriot victory

37
The war ends

• Battle of Guilford Courthouse costly British
  victory, signaled the retreat of Cornwallis
•  
• Yorktown Cornwallis is surrounded by America
  and its allies

38
The War Ends

• French French navy controls the coast line and
  wont allow Cornwallis to escape by sea
•  
• Washington drives hard from the northwest
•  
• Green driving up out of the southwest

39
Treaty of Paris

• Treaty of Paris, 1783 recognized US
  independence
•  
• set boundaries between Canada and the US, set
  boundaries to the Mississippi
•  
• Will not resolve issues that will re-surface

40
Symbol to the world

• Liberty, Freedom, Equality, Opportunity
•  
• Belief in a greater cause
•  
• Set a precedent for the American future
•