Unit 10-Human Body

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Unit 10-Human Body

• Chapter 37
• Circulatory and Respiratory Systems

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Functions of the Circulatory System

• Transport of
• Respiratory gases
• Nutrients
• Wastes
• Hormones
• Defense from
• invaders
• blood loss

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Blood vessels

• Arteries
• Carry blood away from heart
• Thick, muscular under pressure

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• Veins
• Carry blood toward the heart
• Thin, little muscle valves

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• Capillaries
• Smallest, one cell thick diameter
• Where exchanges occur

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Blood components

• Plasma
• Yellow liquid (90 water)
• Transports
• Food
• Wastes
• Hormones
• Fibers , etc

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Blood components

• Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• Small, biconcave cells without nucleus
• Hemoglobin red pigment, gives
  ability to
• Transport oxygen

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Blood components

• White blood cells (leucocytes)
• Large, clear, ameboid, cells with nucleus
  granules
• Fight infection (by phagocytosis)

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Blood components

• Platelets (thrombocytes)
• Smallest cell fragments
• For clotting only

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Heart

• Pericardium
• sac surrounding heart, to prevent friction
• Chambers
• Atria (right left) receive blood
• Ventricles (right left) pump blood
• Valves prevent backflow of blood
• Between atria ventricles
• Between ventricles arteries

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Lymphatic System
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Lymphatic System Function

• Series of vessels that collect fluids lost by
  blood and returns the blood to the circulatory
  system
• Main organs
• thymus, spleen. lymph nodes, lymph vessels
• Works in conjunction with the immune system

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Lymph Organs

• Primary function
• to trap and filter microorganisms that may have
  invaded the body
• (May become enlarged when many microbes are
  trapped, indicating illness)

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Anatomy of the Respiratory System

• Nasal cavity
• To warm, moisten and filter air
• Pharynx
• Throat for transporting air and food
• Epiglottis
• Cartilage flap to prevent food from entering
  lungs
• Larynx
• voice box voice pitch controlled by
• tension thickness of cords

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The cartilages of the larynx
The epiglottis
The vocal folds
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Anatomy of Respiratory system

• Trachea
• Windpipe with cartilage rings to prevent
  collapse
• Within lungs
• Bronchi 2 large branches
• Bronchioles smallest branches into...
• Alveoli tiny air sacs where gas
  exchange occurs
• Diaphragm
• breathing muscle

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Breathing

• Inspiration
• Diaphragm contracts, chest increases, pressure
  decreases, air comes in
• Expiration
• Diaphragm relaxes, chest decreases, pressure
  increases, air forced out

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Types of Respiration

• External
• Within lungs
• Oxygen enters blood, CO2 exits blood
• Internal
• Within body tissues
• Oxygen enters cells, CO2 exits cells

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