The Cold War

1
The Cold War

• Confrontation
• of the
• Superpowers

J. J. Ebley 2005
2
Background

• Mistrust from World War II experiences
• Allied view of Russo-German Non-Aggression Pact
• Russian view of Allied delays in Second Front
• Allied view of Russian domination of Eastern
  Europe
• Russian search for security from invasion

3
Yalta ConferenceFebruary 1945

• Decide shape of post-war Europe
• Draw borders of restored countries
• What to do with war criminals?
• When will USSR join in Pacific war?

4
Post War Europe
5
The United Nations

• Founded 24 October 1945
• 51 charter nations
• Security Council
• China
• France
• United Kingdom
• United States
• USSR

6
Germany divided
7
Outbreak of Cold War
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Iron Curtain speech

• Fulton, Missouri
• 1946
• Churchill on a speaking tour since he is out of
  power.

9
Containment

• X telegram
• George F. Kennan
• Stop the spread of communism by containing it.
• Leave it alone where it already exists

10
The Marshall Plan

• Immense U.S. economic aid plan
• Rebuild the economies of the world.
• WHY
• Who can we trade with if they dont have

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The Truman Doctrine

• Aid to any country opposing Communists
• Immediate support for Greeks and Turks in civil
  war
• Leads to support of Latin American banana
  republics and their dictators

12
Berlin Blockade
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Stalins Gamble

• Cut off land routes to Berlin
• An attempt to starve out the W. Germans
• How far will the Western Allies go?
• Will they risk war to feed the Berliners?

14
Allied Response Choices

• Open land route by force
• Abandon Berlin
• Supply by air

15
The Candy Bomber
Stalin backs down after 320 days
16
Germany re-divided
17
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
An alliance to prevent Soviet military action in
western Europe
18
NATO Membership
19
Russia counters NATO

• Warsaw Pact
• 1955
• Military alliance to oppose NATO

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Revolts in E. Germany and Hungary
Students revolt against oppression
Revolts crushed by Soviets U.S. stands by
21
Chinese Civil War

• Begins in 1926
• Little Red Book

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The Long March

• Defeated by Govt forces
• Mao leads a retreat into the north
• Thousands perish
• Restores Maos control over CCP

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Allies of convenience

• Mao and Jiang come to terms to oppose the
  Japanese
• Once the war ends, the alliance dissolves

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The war ends

• Mao and the CCP win
• Jiang and the KMT flee to Taiwan
• Both still claim to be legitimate govt

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Post Civil War
Minor military incidents continue during
1950s Quemoy and Matsu How far will the U.S.
go to protect Taiwan?
26
Korean War

• Korea divided by US-USSR at 38th parallel
• USSR backs PRK
• US backs ROK
• June 25, 1950- PRK invades ROK

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Korean War
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Limited War
How much force to use? Spread the war to
China? Test of UN military command
How does it fit containment?
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Vietnam Part I

• French attempting to reassert colonial control
• Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnamese independence
  using Jeffersons words
• French lose key battle at Dien Bien Phu
• US refuses to act to rescue French

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Competing for hearts and minds

• European nations giving up colonies
• Who will these new countries follow?
• Which system is better?

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Space Race
Sputnik to Tranquility Base
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Cuba
Castro leads Communist insurgency against
Batista Overthrows U.S. backed dictator Establishe
s Communist foothold in Western Hemisphere
33
Berlin Wall
E. Germany losing population to the West
April 1961 Test the new President
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Kennedy goes to Berlin
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Cuban Missile Crisis
What will the U.S. response be?
October 1962 Soviets install MRBM in Cuba
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Cuban Missile Crisis

• What are U.S. options?

Attack Cuban bases
Ignore the threat
Block missile importation (quarantine)
38
Settled without WarQuarantine
"We've been eyeball to eyeball and the other
fellow just blinked." Dean Rusk, Oct 62
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How close to war?Film commentary

• Fail Safe Dr. Strangelove

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Nuclear Weapons

• Atmospheric Testing
• Strontium 90 in milk
• Duck and cover
• Treaty controls testing

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Atomic Testing
Leads to Atmospheric Test Ban Treaty
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Duck and Cover
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Spies

• Both sides recruit spies to get secrets
• Some are caught and arrested, then executed

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Vietnam Part IIGulf of Tonkin Incident
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Viet Nam Part II
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War ends- April 1975
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Détente
An agreement to disagree
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Reducing Tension
SALT I ABM SALT II
Afghanistan Olympics
49
Evil Empire
50
Glasnost

• Gorbachev declares openness

Perestroika- economic restructuring
51
The Wall Comes Down
52
The Empire Collapses
Boris Yeltsin- First elected leader of Russia
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China again
Tiananmen Square
Students protest for civil liberty in Beijings
main square
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Remnants

• How to control weapons material?
• Non-proliferation
• North Korea?
• Iran?

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