The Middle Ages

1

• The Middle Ages

2
1066 - Duke William of Normandy invades England
killing the last of the Anglo-Saxon kings.
3
Normans brought

• Administrative ability
• Emphasis on law and order
• And cultural unity to the Anglo-Saxons more
  democratic and artistic tendencies

4
Domesday Book

• Inventory of every piece of property in England
• Created by William I
• First time in European history that people could
  be taxed based on what they owned

It was written by an observer of the survey that
"there was no single hide nor a yard of land,
nor indeed one ox nor one cow nor one pig which
was left out".
5
The Norman Conquest helped to bring England into
the mainstream of European civilization.
6
Feudalism

• Caste, property and military pyramid system based
  on a religious concept of hierarchy

God
Royalty
Nobility barons, dukes, earls, etc.
Knights
Clergy
Serfs
7
(No Transcript)
8
(No Transcript)
9
Vassal

• Feudal tenant
• Subject or retainer
• Primary duty of males above a serf was military
  service to their lords.

10
Since feudalism was a military system

• Women could not be warriors so they had no
  political rights
• Women were always subservient to a man whether it
  be a husband, father or brother
• A womans social standing depended completely on
  her husband or father

11
Chivalry

• Brought about by feudalism
• A system of ideals and social codes governing the
  behavior of knights and gentlewomen

12
Chivalry Codes

• Adhering to ones oath of loyalty to the overlord
• Observing rules of warfare
• Adoring a particular lady was a means of
  self-improvement

13
Chivalry Codes

• The Ten Commandments of the Code of Chivalry
• From Chivalry by Leon Gautier
• Thou shalt believe all that the Church teaches,
  and shalt observe all its directions.
• Thou shalt defend the Church.
• Thou shalt repect all weaknesses, and shalt
  constitute thyself the defender of them.
• Thou shalt love the country in the which thou
  wast born.
• Thou shalt not recoil before thine enemy.
• Thou shalt make war against the Infidel without
  cessation, and without mercy.
• Thou shalt perform scrupulously thy feudal
  duties, if they be not contrary to the laws of
  God.
• Thou shalt never lie, and shall remain faithful
  to thy pledged word.
• Thou shalt be generous, and give largess to
  everyone.
• Thou shalt be everywhere and always the champion
  of the Right and the Good against Injustice and
  Evil.

14
The Code of ChivalryFrom the Rifts England
Supplement

• Live to serve King and Country.
• Live to defend Crown and Country and all it holds
  dear.
• Live one's life so that it is worthy of respect
  and honor.
• Live for freedom, justice and all that is good.
• Never attack an unarmed foe.
• Never use a weapon on an opponent not equal to
  the attack.
• Never attack from behind.
• Avoid lying to your fellow man.
• Avoid cheating.
• Avoid torture.
• Obey the law of king, country, and chivalry.
• Administer justice.
• Protect the innocent.
• Exhibit self control.
• Show respect to authority.
• Respect women.
• Exhibit Courage in word and deed.

• Defend the weak and innocent.
• Destroy evil in all of its monstrous forms.
• Crush the monsters that steal our land and rob
  our people.
• Fight with honor.
• Avenge the wronged.
• Never abandon a friend, ally, or noble cause.
• Fight for the ideals of king, country, and
  chivalry.
• Die with valor.
• Always keep one's word of honor.
• Always maintain one's principles.
• Never betray a confidence or comrade.
• Avoid deception.
• Respect life and freedom.
• Die with honor.
• Exhibit manners.
• Be polite and attentive.
• Be respectful of host, women, and honor.
• Loyalty to country, King, honor, freedom, and the
  code of chivalry.
• Loyalty to one's friends and those who lay their
  trust in thee.

15
Courtly Love

• Nonsexual
• Supposed to make a knight braver and better by
  revering and acting in the name of a lady
• Example wearing a ladys colors in battle

16
Courtly Love Gone Wrong

• Sir Lancelot and Guinevere

17
Cities

• Brought about new classes lower, middle and
  upper-middle
• People were free, not tied to the land or
  knighthood
• Led to peoples art ballads, mystery and
  miracle plays
• Led to cathedrals and municipal buildings

18
Crusades

• Series of wars by European Christians against
  Muslims with Jerusalem and the Holy Land as the
  prize
• Exposed English people to Eastern math,
  astronomy, architecture and crafts

19
(No Transcript)
20
Thomas a Becket

• Murdered in his own cathedral by King Henrys
  knights
• Led to a backlash against the king
• The king lost all power in the Roman Church
• State became powerless to correct widespread
  corruption

21
Medieval Church

• Fostered cultural unity
• Continued as a center of learning

22
(No Transcript)
23
Magna Carta (The Great Charter) 1215

• English barons forced King John to sign to curb
  the churchs power
• Became the basis for English constitutional law

24
Hundred Years War (1337 1453)

• First national war between England and France
• England lost to France
• The English began to think of themselves as
  British instead of Anglo-Norman

25
Yeoman

• Small landowner
• Gave birth to modern democratic England

26
Black Death1348 - 1349

• Bubonic plague spread by fleas from infected rats
• Killed 1/3 of the population
• Caused labor shortage
• Gave lower class more leverage
• Led to the end of feudalism

27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)