Cathode rays - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Cathode rays

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Cathode rays Thomson atomic model (1897) Rutherford experiment Rutherford's atomic model ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cathode rays


1
??? ?? ?????? ????? ?
2
???? ?????? ???????
3
?????? ?????
4
Cathode rays
5
Thomson atomic model (1897)
6
Rutherford experiment
7
Rutherford's atomic model
8
?????? ?????????? ??????
9
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10
  • ?????? ??????? ??
  • ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? protons
    neutrons ? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ? ????
    ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? .

11
??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 1954
12
?????? ???????? radioactivity
  • ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????????
    ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??
    ????
  • Alpha particles
  • Beta particles
  • Gamma decay

13
  • ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????
    ???? ???? ?? ??????
  • ???????? ?????? . nuclear
    fission
  • 2. ???????? ?????? . nuclear
    fusions

14
???? ???? ?? ???????? ? ???????? ?????? ?
15
???? ???????? ??????
  • ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ? ?????
    ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ? ???? ?? ?????
    ???????? ???????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????
    alpha particles beta particles gamma rays
    ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?
    ????????? .

16
????? ???????? ??????
  • ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????
    ????? ???? , ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????
    ????? . ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????
    ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???
    ?????? ???????? E mc2 ? ??? ???? ?? ?????
    ????? ????? nucleus of hydrogen nucleus of
    helium

17
????????? ?????? ???????
  • 1. ????? ???????? .
  • 2. ?????? ??  ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????  ??
    ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
    ??????????.
  • 3. ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ????
    ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????, ??? ?? ????? ???
    ?????? ???? ????? ?????, ? ??? ??? ??????? ?????
    ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? 14 .
  • 4. - ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????
    ????? ???? ?????? ,  ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????
    ????? ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ??????? , ??????? ????
    ?????? ??????? ?????  ??? ???? ????? ??????
    ??????? ?????????.

18
  • 5. ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ??????? ????????? ????
    ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? 1945 .
  • 6. ??????? .
  • 7.  ????? ?? ???? ????? .
  • 8. ?????? ????????? ?????????? .

19
?????? ?????? ???????
  • ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??
    ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??
    ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? , ???? ????
    ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????????
    ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????
    ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? .
  • 2.??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??
    ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????
    ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??
    ?????? ??????? .

20
  • 3. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????
    ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????
    ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????????? .
  • 4. ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ? ??????
    ????? ?? ??? ????????? ? ????? .
  • 5. ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????
    ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????
    ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????

21
????? ?????? ???????
  • ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? , ??????
    ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????
    ???? ??????? ???????.????? ????? ????? ??? ?????
    ???? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????
    ????? ??? ?????? ???????.?????? ??????? ????? ??
    ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?????? ??????? ???????
    ?? ??? ????? ( ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? )

22
?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???????
???
23
  • ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??
    ????? ???????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????
    ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? .

24
????? ????????? ???????
  1. ????? ????? ?????? . heavy water
    reactor
  2. ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????.
  3. ????? ????? ?????? . boiling water
    reactor
  4. ??????? ????? ??????? . pressurized water
    reactor
  5. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????
    ? ??????? .
  6. ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? . GCFBR

25
?????? ??????? ??????
  • ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ? ??
  • ???? ??????? .
  • ?????? ?????? .
  • ?????? ??????? .
  • ?????? ?????? .
  • ?????? .
  • ??????? ??? ??????? .
  • ???? ??????? ??????? .

26
???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????
  • ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????
    ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????
    ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????
    ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????
    ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????
    ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??
    30 ????? ????? !
  • ? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????
    ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????. ??? ??
    ????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????????
    ????????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????
    ???????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???

27
  • ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???
    ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????
    ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ???
    ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? 50 ???? ???
    ?????? ????? ???? ??? .

28
???????
  • ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? .
  • ?????? ???? ??? ???? .

29
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