Chapter 8: The Rise of Rome

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Chapter 8 The Rise of Rome

• Romes Beginnings

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Romes Beginnings

• Italy
• Shaped like a boot
• In the Mediterranean
• toe points at Sicily
• Alps border Italy in the North
• Apennines extend North to south
• Terrain easier to farm than Greece
• Italy supported more people because of this!

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Romes Beginnings

• Latins built Rome on the plain of Latium
• Located in Central Italy on Tiber River
• 2 stories tell of Romes beginning
• Remus and Romulus
• Aeneas and the Trojan followers

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Remus and Romulus

• As babies, they were abandoned by the Tiber
  River, rescued by a wolf, raised by a shepherd.
  Built a city, had a fight, Romulus killed Remus,
  became king and named the city after himself

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Aeneas and Trojan Followers

• Aeneas and Trojan followers
• A famous Greek poet named Virgil wrote an epic
  called the Aeneid. Aeneas was the main character,
  a Trojan hero who along with his followers sailed
  the Mediterranean Sea after the Greeks captured
  Troy. He had many adventures ending with
  marriage to the kings daughter. He united the
  Trojans and the Latins (local people) and became
  known as the father of Rome.

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Romes Beginnings

• Latins were influenced by Greeks and Etruscans
  especially
• The Etruscans were skilled metal workers
• The Etruscans were a model for Roman army

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Romes Beginnings

• Tarquins
• Leaders of Etruscan-ruled Rome
• Romans rebelled after 100 years of rule
• Established a republic
• Leader is not king or queen
• Elected by citizen vote to office by citizens

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Romes Beginnings

• Rome had large army
• Very powerful
• Excellent and disciplined soldiers
• Soldiers were good problem solvers
• Legion is a group of 6,000 soldiers
• Roads connected all of Romes military
  settlements

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Romes Beginnings

• Roman Confederation
• Gave full citizenship to some (vote, serve govt)
• Others received status of allies (rule own local
  affairs)

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Romes Government

• Cicero Denounces Catiline Fresco by Cesare
  Maccari (1840-1919
• http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a3/Macc
  ari-Cicero.jpg

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Romes Government

• Two classes of people in Rome
• Patricians wealthy land owners made up Romes
  ruling class
• Plebeians artisans, shopkeepers, owners of small
  farms (most citizens)

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Roman Principles of Government

• Government organized around a Constitution
• Not written Constitution was a verbal tradition.
• Powers were separated.
• Power shared (initially) by three branches.
• Assembly, Senate, and Magistrate. Tripartite
  Government.

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Assembly

• Assemblies Adult male Roman Citizens which
  passed the laws and elected magistrates
• All adult males could vote.
• A form of direct democracy

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Senate

• Senate Wealthy, important citizens who helped
  to pass laws. They controlled Roman money and
  foreign policy. Most powerful part of
  government.
• Only wealthy and politically connected could
  become Senators.
• Positions were prestigious and very influential.

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Magistrates

• Magistrates Elected Officials who enforced the
  law and judged cases.
• Race of Honors
• Started off in lower offices
• Quaestor (kept track of money)
• Aedile (maintain public buildings and festivals)
• Tribune of Plebs Powerful position where they
  could veto laws or acts of any magistrate.
• Upper offices
• Praetor Judged cases, managed city, and led
  armies
• Consul Two top officials in government. The
  shared power and could veto the other. Good
  idea? Why?

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Romes Government

• Roman Republic had a dictator who served people
  and was a temporary ruler during emergencies.
• Cincinnatus best know early Roman dictator

• Cincinnatus AKA Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
• Born 519 BCDied 430 BCCause of death
  unspecified
• Gender MaleReligion PaganRace or Ethnicity
  WhiteOccupation Military
• Nationality Ancient RomeExecutive summary
  Republican leader of Rome

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Romes Government

• Twelve Tables first code of laws was adopted
  around 451 B.C
• Basis of all future Roman laws
• Law of Nations created to address issues of
  conquered people
• Rule of law is idea that laws should apply to
  everyone equally

Table 1 and Table 2 Civil Procedure Table 3
Debt Table 4 Parents and Children Table 5
Inheritance Table 6 and Table 7 Property Table
8 Torts (causing harm to another) Table 9
Capital Punishment Table 10 Funeral
Regulations Table 11 Marriage Table 12Crimes
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How did Rome grow from a small Republic to a huge
empire?

• From what we know about large empires, how do
  empires gain more territory?
• Colonization?
• Conquering?
• How do you think Rome did it?
• War, of course. But, who did the Romans fight
  against?

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Punic Wars.