Chapter 10, Kinship

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Chapter 10, Kinship

• Key Terms

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• KinshipCulturally defined relationship
  established on the basis of blood ties or through
  marriage.
• ConsanguinealRelated by blood ties. 

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• Affinal Related by marriage in-laws.
• Kinship system Kin relations, kin groups, and
  terms for classifying kin in a society.

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• Kinship terminologyThe system of kinship terms
  in a particular culture.
• Genitor A biological father.

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• Pater Socially designated father of a child, who
  may or may not be the biological father.
• Inheritance The transfer of property between
  generations.

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• SuccessionThe transfer of office or social
  position between generations.
• DescentThe culturally established affiliation
  between a child and one or both parents.

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• Descent groupGroup of kin who are lineal
  descendants of a common ancestor, extending
  beyond two generations.
• Unilineal descentMembership in a descent group
  based on links through either the maternal or the
  paternal line, but not both.

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• Patrilineal descent Rule that affiliates
  children with kinsmen of both sexes related
  through males only.
• Matrilineal descentA rule that affiliates a
  person to kin of both sexes related through
  females only.

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• Bilateral descentSystem under which both
  maternal and paternal lines are used in reckoning
  descent.
• LineageA group of kin whose members trace
  descent from a known common ancestor.

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• PatrilineageA lineage formed by descentin the
  male line.
• Matrilineage A lineage formed by descent in the
  female line.

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• Clan Unilineal kinship group whose members
  believe themselves to be descended from a common
  ancestor but who cannot trace this link
  genealogically.
• PhratryA unilineal descent group composed of a
  number of clans whose members feel themselves to
  be closely related.

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• TotemAn animal, plant or other aspect of the
  natural world, held to be ancestral or to have
  other intimate relationship with members of a
  group.
• Double descent Tracing descent through both
  matrilineal and patrilineal links, each of which
  is used for different purposes.

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• Nonunilineal descentAny system of descent in
  which both fathers and mothers lineages have
  equal claim to the individual.
• Cognatic descentAny nonunilineal system of
  descent.

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• Ambilineal descentA form of bilateral descent in
  which an individual may choose to affiliate with
  either the fathers or mother's descent group.
• Kindred A unique kin network made up of all the
  people related to a specific individual.

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• RammageA kinships group produced by a ambilineal
  descent system.
• Lineal kinBlood relations linked through a
  descent, such as Ego, Egos mother, Egos
  grandmother, and Egos daughter.

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• Collateral kinKin descended from a common
  ancestor but not in a direct ascendant or
  descendant line, such as siblings or cousins.
• ConsanguinityBlood ties between people.

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• BifurcationA principle for classifying kin under
  which different kinships terms are used for the
  mothers side of the family and the fathers side
  of the family.