Greek Nouns: Part 2 O XANQIAS (b)

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Greek Nouns Part 2O XANQIAS (b)
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Cases

• Each noun changes form depending on how it is
  used in the sentence this is known as case
• The case is identified by the ending of the noun
  the case may also be identified by the article
  that appears in front of the noun
• Each noun belongs to a family of similar nouns
  that share a common vowel so far weve had the
  1st Declension and the 2nd Declension

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The Cases - Nominative

• The nominative case is used for subjects the
  noun that does the action it is also used for
  predicative nominatives the noun that follows
  the verb is (or am, was, were, etc.)
• Dicaeopolis drives the cattle.
• The cattle work.
• She is a girl.
• My friends were Indians.

Nominatives
Predicate Nominatives
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The Cases - Genitive

• The genitive case is used to show ownership or
  that an object is made of some material it is
  also used after certain prepositions like out
  of
• Xanthias big toe hurts. (notice the apostrophe)
• The big toe of Xanthias hurts.
• This house of mudbrick wont last.
• She ran out of the house.

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The Cases - Dative

• The dative case is used for indirect objects
  those who dont receive the action of the verb
  directly, but still benefit from it dative is
  also used with certain prepositions like in
• The slave gave the corn to Dicaeopolis.
• The farmer threw the rock to the slave.
• She works in the field.
• He sleeps in the house.

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The Cases - Accusative

• The accusative is used for the direct object of
  the verbs action accusative is also used with
  certain prepositions like toward
• The slave hit him with a rock.
• The oxen plow the fields.
• Dicaeopolis picks up the plow.
• The slave ran toward the cliff.
• The farmer went to the house.

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The Cases - Vocative

• Vocative is used to directly address a person or
  object it is usually preceded by ð which does
  not have to be translated
• Slave, come here!
• Thomas, where are you?
• O rock, how you have hurt my toe!

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The Cases in Greek 2nd Declension
MASCULINE MASCULINE NEUTER NEUTER
Article Noun Article Noun
Nominative Ð grÒj tÕ dšndron
Genitive toà groà toà dšndrou
Dative tù grù tù dšndr?
Accusative tÕn grÒn tÕ dšndron
Vocative ð grš ð dšndron
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Some Notes

• Notice how the endings of the articles tend to
  match the endings of the cases (most of the time,
  anyway)
• Notice that in the NEUTER nouns, the nominative
  and the accusative are the exact same form (this
  is true for ALL NEUTERS)