Morphology

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Morphology

• (???)

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Morphemes

• A morpheme is a minimal unit of meaning or of
  grammatical information.
• morphemes (???)
• free morphemes
• derivational
  morphemes
• bound morphemes
• inflectional
  morphemes

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free morphemes (?????)

• boy, like, thing, phone, happy,
• artichoke, etc.
• All roots are free morphemes.

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bound morphemes (?????)

• derivational morphemes (?????)
• prefixes suffixes
• i) change in meaning un-, in-, im-, dis-,
  counter-, etc.
• ii) change in grammatical category -ly,
  -ness, -ist,
• -ism,
  -ful, -er, en-, -ity, -ous, etc.
• inflectional morphemes (?????)
• with grammatical information

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inflectional morphemes

• plural
  -(e)s
• possessive
  -s
• 3rd person singular present -(e)s
• past
  -(e)d
• past participle
  -(e)n
• present participle -ing
• comparative -er
• superlative
  -est

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Allomorphs (???)

• allomorphic variations
• A morpheme may have
• allomorphic variations
• which occur phonologically
• in 
• comlementary distribution.

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1. -(e)s, pl. /-s/ /-z/ /-?z/ 8 /?n/
8 /Ø/

• cats, maps, cloths, boots, roofs, books
• pants, stamps
• hands, doors, chairs, potatoes, boys, peas
• scissors, schools
• watches, dishes, judges, buses, quizzes
  
• matches, surprises

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2. -(e)s, 3rd person sg. present /-s/
/-z/ /-?z/

• keeps, puts, takes, speaks, dates, laughs
• dreams, selects, rains, covers, sews, sighs
•  functions, lives
• distinguishes, washes, hatches, buzzes
• suffices, surpasses

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3. -(e)d, past /-?d/ /-d//-t/

• wanted, handed, started, divided, counted,
• advised, surprised, implied, showed, played,
• solved, viewed, dragged, indulged, obeyed
• watched, smashed, distinguished, helped,
• stopped, laughed, tossed,

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/in/, not inimi?

• inattentive, inorganic, inaccurate, inadequate,
  inability, ineradicable, insufficient,
  insignificant
• impolite, impossible, imbalance, impatient,
  impartial, improper, impertinent, immoral
• incongruent, incomplete, inconsistent, incurious,
  inconstant,  incorporate, incommunicable

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Morphophonemic Rules????(?) ??

•                                  buspl     
    catpl       bedpl
• phonemic
• representation           /b?sz/        
  /kætz/     /b?dz/
• Apply rule (1)
• Aspiration Rule N/A
  kh N/A
• Apply rule (2)
• Schwa Insertion      ?        
  N/A        N/A
• Apply rule (3)
• Devoicing             
  N/A            s        N/A
• phonetic        b?s?z       
    khæts        b?dz
• representation
• N/A (Not Applicable ???? ?? ? Ø )