Penal Substitution

1
Penal Substitution

• Did Jesus Die in My Place?

2
Comments on Isaiah

• The written prophecy of Isaiah has two purposes
  (1) to try to bring Judah to repentance so she
  will not be taken into captivity as a result of
  the temporal judgment of God and (2) to let them
  know that God will one day send a deliverer who
  will set up a kingdom that will not be
  exclusively for Jews.

3
Comments on Isaiah

• These two themes are frequently intermeshed or
  entwined one with another. Some of the things of
  which he writes have a double application a
  primary one for those of his day and a secondary
  one for those of a future generation.
• According to Peter, the Old Testament prophets
  did not fully understand what their predictions
  of the future were all about.

4
1 Peter 110-11

• Of this salvation the prophets have inquired and
  searched carefully, who prophesied of the grace
  that would come to you,  searching what, or what
  manner of time, the Spirit of Christ who was in
  them was indicating when He testified beforehand
  the sufferings of Christ and the glories that
  would follow.  

5
1 Peter 112

• To them it was revealed that, not to themselves,
  but to us they were ministering the things which
  now have been reported to you through those who
  have preached the gospel to you by the Holy
  Spirit sent from heaven--things which angels
  desire to look into.

6
Comments on Isaiah

• Even the Jewish ruling class struggled to
  harmonize the prophecies of a suffering servant
  with those of a triumphant king. The prophetic
  types of Christ and his office were so varied
  that the fathers were very much confused. This
  is what led to the questions that the rulers
  asked John the baptizer.

7
John 119-20

• Now this is the testimony of John, when the Jews
  sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask
  him, "Who are you?"  He confessed, and did not
  deny, but confessed, "I am not the Christ."  

8
John 121-22

• And they asked him, "What then? Are you Elijah?"
  He said, "I am not." "Are you the Prophet?" And
  he answered, "No."  Then they said to him, "Who
  are you, that we may give an answer to those who
  sent us? What do you say about yourself?"

9
Isaiah 531-2

• Who has believed our report? And to whom has the
  arm of the LORD been revealed?  For He shall grow
  up before Him as a tender plant, And as a root
  out of dry ground. He has no form or comeliness
  And when we see Him, There is no beauty that we
  should desire Him.  

10
Isaiah 533-4

• He is despised and rejected by men, A Man of
  sorrows and acquainted with grief. And we hid, as
  it were, our faces from Him He was despised, and
  we did not esteem Him.  Surely He has borne our
  griefs And carried our sorrows Yet we esteemed
  Him stricken, Smitten by God, and afflicted.  

11
Isaiah 535-6

• But He was wounded for our transgressions, He was
  bruised for our iniquities The chastisement for
  our peace was upon Him, And by His stripes we are
  healed.  All we like sheep have gone astray We
  have turned, every one, to his own way And the
  LORD has laid on Him the iniquity of us all.

12
Isaiah 533-5

• It was the Jewish rulers who despised and
  rejected Him the common people heard Him
  gladly. (Mark 1237)
• His sorrow and grief were not over anything
  He had done but over the sins of mankind. (Gen.
  66)
• He was grieved as was His Father. The we who
  turned our backs on Him are the people of His
  own nation initially, and people the world over
  eventually.

13
Isaiah 533-5

• We did not necessarily despise Him but we did
  not care that He was despised.
• He carried our weaknesses and our sorrows weighed
  Him down. But in what sense did He carry our
  weaknesses?
• It was most likely in His own heart. Our sorrows
  weighed him down emotionally (compare 2 Cor.
  1129)

14
Isaiah 533-6

• We thought, etc., but we were wrong.
• He was not pierced in place of our rebellion
  but because of our rebellion.
• Likewise, He was not crushed instead of our
  sins but because of our sins.
• His beating and whipping was a prelude to His
  crucifixion which sealed His covenant, which
  contained conditions whereby we could be made
  whole.

15
Isaiah 533-6

• Verse 6 says the same thing as Rom. 323 for all
  have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.
• We have turned, everyone, to his own way is
  equivalent to Eccl. 729 See, this alone I
  found, that God made man upright, but they have
  sought out many schemes.
• It was by His sealing a covenant whereby we may
  all receive forgiveness that our iniquities were
  all laid on Him.

16
Isaiah 537-8

• He was oppressed and He was afflicted, Yet He
  opened not His mouth He was led as a lamb to the
  slaughter, And as a sheep before its shearers is
  silent, So He opened not His mouth.  He was taken
  from prison and from judgment, And who will
  declare His generation? For He was cut off from
  the land of the living For the transgressions of
  My people He was stricken.  

17
Isaiah 539-10

• And they made His grave with the wicked-- But
  with the rich at His death, Because He had done
  no violence, Nor was any deceit in His mouth.
   Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise Him He has
  put Him to grief. When You make His soul an
  offering for sin, He shall see His seed, He shall
  prolong His days, And the pleasure of the LORD
  shall prosper in His hand.

18
Isaiah 5311

• He shall see the labor of His soul, and be
  satisfied. By His knowledge My righteous Servant
  shall justify many, For He shall bear their
  iniquities.  

19
Isaiah 5312

• Therefore I will divide Him a portion with the
  great, And He shall divide the spoil with the
  strong, Because He poured out His soul unto
  death, And He was numbered with the
  transgressors, And He bore the sin of many, And
  made intercession for the transgressors.