Layers of the Earth

1
Layers of the Earth
2
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
3
Earths Layers
4
Earths Layers
5
Crust
(10-25 miles)
Mantle
1,800 miles
Outer Core
1,430 miles
Inner Core
750 mile radius
Inside Our Earth
6
The crust is made of soil, water and rock.
The mantle is iron and magnesium.
The outer core is Made of nickel and iron.
The inner core is made of nickel and iron.
Composition of the Earths Layers
7
The crust is 10-25 miles thick
The mantle is 1,800 miles thick
The outer core is 1,430 miles thick
The inner core Has a 750 radius
Thickness of the Earths Layers
8
The crust is solid
The mantle is part solid, part liquid
The outer core is liquid
The inner core is solid
State of Matter of the Earths Layers
9
1. So how far away is the center of the Earth?

• 2518001430750
• 4,005 miles
• Is that the radius or diameter?
• radius

10

• 2. The Lithosphere is made of the crust and upper
  mantle
• 3. The Lithosphere is broken into many sections
  or plates.
• 4. Some plates are lighter than others.

11

• 5. The lithosphere is made of two igneous rock
  types
• Continental crust - granite (light)
• Oceanic crust - basalt (heavy)
• 6. Because granite is lighter than basalt, the
  continents sit on top of the denser oceanic
  plates

12
7. Mantle is the largest layer over 1800 miles
thick 8. It is composed of mostly liquid rock
that moves due to temperature differences 9. 1800
degrees F at the top, 4000 degrees F near the
bottom.
13
10. Outer Core-Very hot liquid metals 4,000
degrees F to 9000 degrees F 11. Made of Nickel
and Iron 12. This liquid core produces a
magnetic field that helps protect earth from
coronal mass ejections (CMEs) produced by the
sun.
14
Protective Magnetic Field
15
13. In the Inner Core, temperatures and pressures
are so great, the liquid metals are forced back
into a solid despite the high temperatures that
would normally melt them. 14. 45,000,000 pounds
of pressure per square inch. 15. 3,000,000
times more pressure than felt at sea level.
16
How do we know whats inside?

• 16Geologists study earthquakes and volcanoes

17. Seismic waves caused by earthquakes change
direction as they move through different
materials (such as solids and liquids)
http//www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/
content/investigations/es0402/es0402page03.cfm
Earthquake wave animation http//earthquake.usgs.
gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/2002/2002_11_03_wa
veani.php

17
Im going to dig a hole to _____
18
Dig a hole to the other side of Earth

• http//www.ubasics.com/dighole/
• http//www.livephysics.com/ptools/dig-hole-through
  -earth.php

19
Im going to dig a hole to China!

• You will have to start in Chile, South America

20
Will you make it to the other side?

• If you could survive the temperatures (over 8,000
  degrees F) and the pressure (3,000,000 times the
  force of gravity) and you could climb out the
  other side (down is towards the center of Earth),
  then YES!
• If you could just freefall all the way through
  Earth (8,000 miles) it would take you about 42
  minutes falling at 17,700 mph.

http//www.daviddarling.info/childrens_encyclopedi
a/Dig_a_Hole_to_China_Chapter5.html
21
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vjN-FfJKgis8