Long Term and Immediate Causes of the Civil War

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Long Term and Immediate Causes of the Civil War

• Social Studies Solutions
• 19-20
• You need a blank piece of paper!

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Key Event How does it lead to division?
Compromise of 1820
Sectionalism (Slavery, Economics, Tariffs, Land, etc.)
Wilmot Proviso
Compromise of 1850 (Stronger Fugitive Slave Law)
Uncle Toms Cabin
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
John Browns Raid
Election of 1860
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Review of LONG TERM causes

• Question of States Rights vs. Federal Rights
• Idea of Nullification
• Compromise of 1820
• Debate over slavery
• Sectionalism
• Compromise of 1850

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Uncle Toms Cabin

• Depicted evils of slavery to public
• Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Uncle Tom, Simon Legreecharacters in the book
• 1852sold over 1 million copies
• Why? The undecided now favor anti-slavery side,
  angers Southerners

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Kansas-Nebraska Act popular sovereignty will
determine slavery in Kansas-Nebraska territory

• 1854popular sovereignty passed as law in
  Compromise of 1850
• Rush to populate state with voters leads to
  Bleeding Kansas abolitionist and pro-slavery
  sides result to violence!
• Foreshadows fighting in Civil War, shows popular
  sovereignty will not work

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• Sumner/Brooks Incident fight in the US Senate,
  Brooks beats Sumner with a cane for his attacks
  on slavery in the South, foreshadows Civil War

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Dred Scott v. Sanford

• 1857
• Scott is a slave ? he is taken into free states ?
  sues for freedom based on Missouri Compromise ?
  Supreme Court (majority Southern) rules
• Blacks are not citizens, slaves are property
• Cant ban slavery
• Missouri Compromise is illegal

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Development of Republican Party

• Topic of slavery has come to dominate political
  parties
• By 1850differences have peaked within Whigs,
  Democrats, and Free-Soilers those that oppose
  slavery form a new party
• The Republicans official party policy was to
  oppose the growth of slavery where it didnt
  already exist

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Political Parties (1850-1860)
Party Established Major Platform
Free-Soil 1848 Anti-extension of slaver, pro-labor
Know-Nothing 1854 Anti-immigration, anti-Catholic, nativism
Whig 1834 Pro-business Divided on slavery
Republican 1854 Opposed expansion of slavery into territories
Democratic 1840 States rights Limited Govt Divided on slavery
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates

• Senate Race 1858 Stephen Douglas (Democrat) and
  Abraham Lincoln (Republican)
• Debate over slavery neither man favored slavery,
  so how argue it?
• Douglas issues Freeport Doctrineslavery needs
  certain laws in order to exist, if you dont want
  slavery dont pass the laws
• Douglas goes on to win election, but Lincoln
  gains national fame from the debates

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John Browns Raid

• John Brownextreme abolitionist
• Attempted to capture Harpers Ferry (a military
  arsenal in Virginia) with the intent to arm
  slaves to rebel
• He and his men were surrounded and forced to
  surrender
• Brown found guilty and then hangedbecomes a
  martyr for abolitionists
• Southerners believe Brown represents Northerners
  who want control of the South

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Southern Secession

• 1860 electionslavery had divided the parties
  Republican Lincoln pledges to stop spread of
  slavery (not end it), Douglas and Breckinridge
  split the Democratic vote, John Bell runs under
  Constitutional Party
• LINCOLN wins election of 1860 with NO SOUTHERN
  ELECTORAL VOTES
• South secedes due to fear of no voice in govt
  and losing the only way of life (slavery) ever
  known
• Dec. 24, 1860 State of South Carolina secedes
  (withdraw) from the Union

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Confederate States of America

• Officially formed before Lincoln takes office
• Jefferson Davis is elected President
• South Carolina leaves first followed by
  Mississippi, Florida,
• Alabama, Georgia,
• Louisiana and Texas

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Response of North

• This country will be drenched in bloodthe
  people of the Northare not going to let the
  country be destroyed without a might effort to
  save it
• Can the use of force preserve the nation?
• Lincoln says states do not have the right to
  secede

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Review Questions

• Which event convinced many Southerners that they
  had lost their voice in the national government?
• The Dred Scott decision
• The issuance of the Freeport Doctrine
• John Browns raid at Harpers Ferry
• Lincolns election as president

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• 2. Which of the following was the LEAST divisive
  issue in the election of 1856?
• The candidacy of James Buchanan
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act
• The expansion of slavery
• The rise of the Republican Party

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• 3. Why did Kansas become a center of controversy
  over the issue of slavery?
• Because it extended the power of the Missouri
  Compromise
• Because the Kansas-Nebraska Act opened the
  territory to slavery and popular sovereignty
• The Know-Nothing Party disagreed with opening the
  territory to slavery
• All of the above

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• 4. Why did most Free-Soilers object to slavery?
• They believed slavery was morally wrong
• They believed the South should be forced to
  industrialize
• They believed that white workers could not get
  jobs in competition w/ slaves
• The party actually had no opinion on slavery

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• 5. What was the significance of the Dred Scott
  decision?
• It declared slaves were property
• It effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise
• It stated that because Scott was a slave, he had
  no rights in court
• All of the above

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• 6. What was the significance of the election of
  1856 for Abraham Lincoln?
• He won the election
• His debates against his opponent, Stephen Douglas
  afforded him national attention
• Stephen Douglas became president
• Lincoln learned nothing about running for office
  in the national spotlight

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• 7. So youre the little lady that started this
  big war, stated by Lincoln, most likely refers
  to whom?
• Harriet Tubman
• Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Sojourner Truth

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Civil War Timeline Part 1

• Create a timeline (events must be in order by
  month and year)
• Include 2 major facts about each eventshould
  include significance of event!
• Give your timeline a title
• Include at least 3 pictures
• This is the 1st part of the timeline, you will
  complete the 2nd half on Thursday. The entire
  timeline will count as a QUIZ GRADE!
• Due at beginning of class on Friday!

• John Browns Raid
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Compromise of 1850
• Lincolns Election
• Dred Scott v. Sanford
• Compromise of 1820
• Uncle Toms Cabin
• Lincoln-Douglas Debates

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Civil War Timeline Part 1

• Create a timeline (events must be in order by
  month and year)
• Include 2 major facts about each eventshould
  include significance of event!
• Give your timeline a title
• Include at least 3 pictures
• This is the 1st part of the timeline, you will
  complete the 2nd half on Thursday. The entire
  timeline will count as a QUIZ GRADE!
• Due at beginning of class on Friday!

• John Browns Raid
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Compromise of 1850
• Lincolns Election
• Dred Scott v. Sanford
• Compromise of 1820
• Uncle Toms Cabin
• Lincoln-Douglas Debates