GNM2209

1
Introduction

• GNM2209
• Intelligent Machine and Human Beings

2
Welcome to the Hot Thinking Pot

• Just take a look at terms for future intelligent
  machines
• AIs, Cybermind, cyberlife, cyberconsciousness,
  virtual humanity, virtual personality, cyborg,
  superintelligent machines, ASI (artificial super
  intelligence), AGI (artificial general
  intelligence), cognitive computing, singularity,
  mindware, mindclone, mind-file, mind-uploading,
  mind-transferring, transhuman, teleport, whole
  brain emulation, non-brain platform,
  non-biological substrate, post-biological life,
  spiritual machine,

3
Recent Books (a)

• ltSoul Machine the Invention of Modern Mindgt,
  2017
• ltThe Mind and Machine What It Means to Be Human
  and Why It Mattersgt, 2016
• ltIntelligence Unbound The future of uploaded
  and machine mindsgt, 2014
• ltVirtually Human The promise and the peril
  of digital immortalitygt, 2014

4
Recent Books (b)

• ltOur Final Invention Artificial intelligence
  and the end of the human eragt, 2013
• ltSmarter than Us The rise of machine
  intelligencegt, 2014
• ltCognitive Computing A brief guide for game
  changergt, 2014
• ltHow to Create a Mind the secret of human
  thought revealedgt, 2012

5
Recent Books (c)

• ltArtificial intelligence Revolution Will
  artificial intelligence serve us or replace us?gt,
  2013
• ltThe Future of the Mind The scientific quest of
  understand, enhance, and empower the mindgt, 2014
• ltSuperintelligence Paths, Dangers, Strategiesgt,
  2014

6
Scientists Letter on Jan. 12, 2015

• Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk and hundreds of top
  scientists and technology leaders signed an open
  letter warning the potential dangers of
  developing artificial intelligence (AI).
• https//uk.news.yahoo.com/dont-let-artificial-int
  elligence-over-top-scientists-warn-144431717.html?
  .tsrcwarhol1rwTnHi
• http//futureoflife.org/misc/open_letter

7
International Conference ICAART, 2015

• The starting panel of the conference AI and the
  End of Humanity?
• My speech at the conference Self-consciousness
  cannot be programmed

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Unprecedented 2 Centuries

• Human beings achieved terrific progress in
  science and technology in the 19th and 20th
  centuries in the spectrum of 6,000 years of human
  civilization history,

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A Generation of Unprecedented Luck

• Comparing to our predecessors, we are the most
  fortunate generation(s).
• Thinking of our descendants, we are possibly the
  most fortunate generation(s).

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A Generation of Unprecedented Responsibility

• Human has generated wealth and happiness, as well
  as problems that threat ourselves and our
  offspring.
• Technology provides individuals with more power
  of destruction.

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A Blade of Two Edges

• Many technologies are characterized with
  potentials of both construction and destruction.

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Computer Era

• The first industrial revolution was symbolized by
  flying shuttle and steam engine.
• The second industrial revolution is symbolized by
  computer.

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Extension of Our Brain

• Machine tools are extension of our muscles.
• Computers are extension of our brains.
• Robots are extension of our brains and muscles.

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Triumphing and Prevailing of Computers

• Personal computer
• Internet
• Super computers
• Built-in computer in equipment

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Inescapable Impacts

• Computers are ubiquitous.
• Computers are penetrating to our daily life.

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Machines

• A machine is a mechanism that is composed of
  parts and components and is able to fulfill
  designated jobs.

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Make Inflexible Machine Flexible

• One distinct characteristic of human intelligence
  is flexibility.
• Computer and machine are not flexible.
• Artificial intelligence is the study to make
  inflexible machine flexible.

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At present,Benefits and Challenges

• Benefits computers have brought to us
• Challenges computers have brought to us

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In Future,Opportunities and Threats

• Opportunities
• Threats

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In General Turn Threats into Challenges

• The computer era is coming unstoppable.
• Understand the opportunities, benefits, and
  threats.
• Take opportunities, harness benefits, and turn
  threats into challenges.
• But,

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How Intelligent Can a Computer Be?

• Is it possible to have a machine smarter than
  humans?
• Can a machine be conscious, emotional, and
  spiritual?
• Does machine intelligence have a limit?

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If Computers Are as Smart as We Are, then

• If machine intelligence human intelligence,
  then machine intelligence gt human intelligence.
  Is it true?
• Is it a blessing or a threat to have machines as
  intelligent as we are?
• Are we making a species which is going out of our
  control?

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Dualism vs. Monism

• Dualism
• Mind is something quite separate from, and deeply
  from, the physical world.
• Monism
• Mind emerges as nothing but the playing out of
  ordinary physical states and processes in the
  familiar physical world

24
Ray Kurzweil

• I set the date as 2045. The nonbiological
  intelligence created in that year will be one
  billion times more powerful than all human
  intelligence today.
• By the late 2020, we will create nonbiological
  systems that match and exceed the complexity and
  subtlety of humans, including our emotional
  intelligence.
• From his book ltThe singularity is neargt, 2005

25
We Can, Why Not Silicon?

• How could a device made of silicon be conscious?
  How could it feel pain, joy, fear, pleasure, and
  foreboding? It certainly seems unlikely that
  such exotic capacities should flourish in such an
  unusual silicon setting. But a moments
  reflection should convince you that it is equally
  amazing that such capacities should show up in
  carbon-based meat
• - Andy Clark, 2001

26
G. Gilder J. Richards

• If were a carbon-based, complex, computational,
  collocation of atoms, and were conscious, then
  why wouldnt the same be true for a sufficiently
  complex silicon-based computer?
• From their book ltAre we spiritual machine?gt 2002

27
Bill Joys Warning

• How soon could such an intelligent robot be
  built? The coming advances in computing power
  seem to make it possible by 2030. And once an
  intelligent robot exists, it is only a small step
  to a robot species - to an intelligent robot that
  can make evolved copies of itself.
• Researches leading to the danger should be
  relinquished
• - From Why the future doesnt
  need us
• 2000, Wired magazine

28
T. Kaczynskis Anxiety

• If trends continue and scientists succeed in
  developing intelligent machines that can do all
  things better than human beings can do them,
  the fate of the human race would be at the mercy
  of the machines. They will have been reduced to
  the status of domestic animals.
• - Unabombers manifesto,
  1995

29
Jeff Hawkins

• Can computers be intelligent? For decades,
  scientists in the field of artificial
  intelligence have claimed that computers will be
  intelligent when they are powerful enough. I
  dont think so, Brains and computers do
  fundamentally different things.
• From his book ltOn Intelligencegt, 2004

30
Roger Penrose

• I do my best to express, in a dispassionate way,
  my scientific reasons for disbelieving electronic
  computers would be capable of consciousness and
  arguing that the conscious minds can find no home
  within our present-day scientific world-view.
• From his book ltThe emperors new mindgt 1999

31
Douglas R. Hofstadter

• Will emotions be explicitly programmed into a
  machine? No. That is ridiculous. Any direct
  simulation of emotions cannot approach the
  complexity of human emotions, which arise
  indirectly from the organization of our minds.
  Programs or machines will acquire emotions in the
  same way as by-products of their structure, of
  the way in which they are organized not by
  direct programming.
• From his book lt Godel, Escher, Bachgt, 1999

32
John Searle

• Computer programs are codes. They are not
  intelligence.

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Topics of this Class

• Introduction - Computer, impact on us now and
  future.
• Computer and AI basis
• Computer hardware, software, algorithm
• Artificial intelligence
• Subjects, Turing machine, Turing test
• Computer and us, - now and future

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Goals of this Class

• Learning
• Knowledge about computers, artificial
  intelligence, and their development.
• Thinking
• Creatively, maybe fictionally, but critically,
  logically, scientifically, fairmindedly, and
  philosophically.

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Approach of this Class

• Open to arguments, possibly head-on, on various
  issues on machine and human being through reading
  articles, videos, lectures, and discussions.
• By savoring the arguments, turning them over and
  taking them apart, we expect to come up with
  insights into the destiny of human and machine,
  opportunity and threat.
• Answers may not be correct or wrong, but they
  must be good.

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Going on Two Parallel Lines

• Readings Lectures / Videos Homework Quizzes
• Covering themes of this course
• Thought labs
• Touching key concepts and techniques in computer
  intelligence