MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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MUSCULAR SYSTEM

• 600 muscles in human body
• Bundles of tiny contractile muscle fibers
• Held together by connective tissue
• Fibers initiate movement when stimulated by
  nerve endings
• Recreate Figure 9-5 page 249

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MUSCULAR STRUCTURES

• Sarcoplasm gtMyofibril gtEndomysium
• fiber bundle
• Bundle gt Perimysium gt Epimysium

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MUSCULAR MOVEMENT

• Rotation
• Adduction
• Abduction
• Extension
• Flexion
• Plantar and palmar
• Dorsiflexion
• Eversion
• Inversion

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INJURIES

• Muscle Soreness
• AOMS vs. DOMS
• Muscle Stiffness
• Fluid collections
• Muscle Cramps
• Involuntary contraction
• Due to fatigue or heat
• Muscle Guarding
• Not allowing movement

• Muscle Spasm
• Involuntary Contraction due to injury
• Muscle strain
• 3 grades
• Myositis ossificans
• Calcium build up
• Tendonitis
• Overuse

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JOINTS

• Made up of bones connected by
• Ligaments (collagen elastic fibers)
• Synovial Fluid (lubrication for friction)
• Cartilage (shock absorption motion control)
• Hyaline-Respiratory system end of bones
• Fibrous-Vertebral discs, symphsis pubis, menisci
• Elastic-External ear Eustachian tube

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JOINTS

• Three categories
• Fibrous/Synarthrotic
• Immovable joints bones of cranium
• Cartilaginous/Amphiarthrotic
• Slightly moveable vertebra of spine
• 3. Synovial/Diarthrotic
• Freely moveable elbow, knee, fingers

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TYPES OF JOINTS

• Ball Socket shoulder
• Pivot wrist
• Hinge elbow
• Saddle thumb
• Condyloid metacarpals
• Gliding vertebrae

• JOINT CHART
• 1)List the major joints of the body (shoulder,
  hip, wrist, spine, ankle etc)
• 2) Use Text page 332
• 3) Identify TYPE of JOINT
• 4) Describe the MOVEMENT of the joint.

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INJURIES

• Ligament or capsular sprains
• Dislocations and subluxations
• Synovitis and bursitis

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SKELETAL SYSTEM

• 206 bones
• Provide support for muscles, fat, and soft
  tissues
• Protect internal organs
• Provides attachment for muscles
• Produce blood cells (hematopoiesis)
• Store majority of the bodys calcium supply
• Provide leverage for lifting and movement

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Skeletal Trauma

• Anatomical Characteristics
• Dense connective tissue matrix
• Outer compact tissue
• Inner porous cancellous bone

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BONE GROWTH

• Ossification work of osteoblasts osteoclasts
• Involves growth of diaphysis and the epiphyseal
  growth plates towards one another
• As cartilage matures, immature osteoblasts
  replace to ultimately form solid bone
• Bone diameter increases via the activity of
  osteoblasts adding to the exterior
• Balance between -blasts -clasts at full size

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BONE DEFORMITY

• Deforming forces, premature injury, growth plate
  dislocation can alter growth patterns and/or
  result in deformity of bone
• Changes in activity and hormonal levels can alter
  balance
• Bone loss begins to exceed external bone growth
  overtime
• As thickness decreases, bones are less resistant
  to forces --osteoporosis
• Bones functional adaptation to stresses follows
  Wolffs Law --every change in form and function
  or in its function alone is followed by changes
  in architectural design

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FRACTURE

• Pain at the site of an injury
• Deformity
• Open (compound) vs. Closed (with in the skin)
• Edema at the injury site
• Swelling
• Ecchymosis
• Bruising

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FRACTURE SYMPTOMS

• Grating or crepitation
• Crackling sound when bone is moved
• Immobility
• Numbness or tingling
• Pale or cold skin due to impaired circulation

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FRACTURES

• Depressed
• Greenstick
• Impacted
• Longitudinal
• Serrated
• Contrecoup
• Blowout
• Avulsion

• Oblique
• Butterfly (Oblique-transverse)
• Spiral
• Transverse
• Comminuted
• Metaphyseal Compression

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CHRONIC JOINT INJURIES

• Osteochondrosis
• Osteoarthritis
• Bursistis