Project

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Project
Presented by Chargui Chaima
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Plan
Definition
Type aspects of pollution
Causes
Consequences
How can we save the world
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Definition
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Definition
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants
into the natural environment that cause adverse
change.  Pollution can take the form of chemical
substances or energy, such as noise, heat or 
light. Pollutants, the components of pollution,
can be either foreign substances/energies or
naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution is
often classed as point source or nonpoint source
pollution. The Blacksmith Institute issues an
annual list of the world's worst polluted places.
In the 2007 issues the ten top nominees are
located in Azerbaijan, China, India, Peru, Russia
,Ukraine and Zambia.
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Type of pollution
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Type of pollution
There are several types of
pollution, and while they may come from different
sources and have different consequences,
understanding the basics about pollution can help
environmentally conscious individuals minimize
their contribution to these dangers. In total,
there are nine recognized sources of pollution in
the modern world. These sources of pollution
don't simply have a negative impact on the
natural world, but they can have a measurable
effect on the health of human beings as well.


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Different Types of pollution
Air pollution is defined as any contamination of
the atmosphere that disturbs the natural
composition and chemistry of the air. This can be
in the form of particulate matter such as dust or
excessive gases like carbon dioxide or other
vapors that cannot be effectively removed through
natural cycles, such as thecarbon cycle or the
nitrogen cycle.

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Different Types of pollution

• Air pollution comes from a wide variety of
  sources. Some of the most excessive sources
  include
• Vehicle or manufacturing exhaust
• Forest fires, volcanic eruptions, dry soil
  erosion, and other natural sources
• Building construction or demolition
• Depending on the concentration of air
  pollutants, several effects can be noticed. Smog
  increases, higher rain acidity, crop depletion
  from inadequate oxygen, and higher rates of
  asthma. Many scientists believe that global
  warming is also related to increased air
  pollution.

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Different Types of pollution

• Water pollution involves any contaminated water,
  whether from chemical, particulate, or bacterial
  matter that degrades the water's quality and
  purity. Water pollution can occur in oceans,
  rivers, lakes, and underground reservoirs, and as
  different water sources flow together the
  pollution can spread.

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Different Types of pollution

• Causes of water pollution include
• Increased sediment from soil erosion
• Improper waste disposal and littering
• Leaching of soil pollution into water supplies
• Organic material decay in water supplies
• The effects of water pollution include
  decreasing the quantity of drinkable water
  available, lowering water supplies for crop
  irrigation, and impacting fish and wildlife
  populations that require water of a certain
  purity for survival.

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Different Types of pollution

• Soil Pollution
• Soil, or land pollution, is contamination of the
  soil that prevents natural growth and balance in
  the land whether it is used for cultivation,
  habitation, or a wildlife preserve. Some soil
  pollution, such as the creation of landfills, is
  deliberate, while much more is accidental and can
  have widespread effects.

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Different Types of pollution

• Soil pollution sources include
• Hazardous waste and sewage spills
• Non-sustainable farming practices, such as the
  heavy use of inorganic pesticides
• Strip mining, deforestation, and other
  destructive practices
• Household dumping and littering
• Soil contamination can lead to poor growth
  and reduced crop yields, loss of wildlife
  habitat, water and visual pollution, soil
  erosion, and desertification

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Different Types of pollution

• Noise pollution refers to undesirable levels of
  noises caused by human activity that disrupt the
  standard of living in the affected area. Noise
  pollution can come from
• Traffic
• Airports
• Railroads
• Manufacturing plants
• Construction or demolition
• Concerts
• Some noise pollution may be temporary while
  other sources are more permanent. Effects may
  include hearing loss, wildlife disturbances, and
  a general degradation of lifestyle.

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Different Types of pollution

• Thermal pollution is excess heat that creates
  undesirable effects over long periods of time.
  The earth has a natural thermal cycle, but
  excessive temperature increases can be considered
  a rare type of pollution with long term effects.
  Many types of thermal pollution are confined to
  areas near their source, but multiple sources can
  have wider impacts over a greater geographic area.

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Different Types of pollution

• Thermal pollution may be caused by
• Power plants
• Urban sprawl
• Air pollution particulates that trap heat
• Loss of temperature moderating water supplies
• As temperatures increase, mild climatic
  changes may be observed, and wildlife populations
  may be unable to recover from swift changes.

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Different Types of pollution

• Personal pollution is the contamination of one's
  body and lifestyle with detrimental actions. This
  may include
• Excessive smoking, drinking or drug abuse
• Emotional or physical abuse
• Poor living conditions and habits
• Poor personal attitudes
• In some cases, personal pollution may be
  inflicted by caregivers, while in other cases it
  is caused by voluntary actions. Taking positive
  steps in your life can help eliminate this and
  other sources of pollution so you can lead a more
  productive, satisfying life

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Causes
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Causes
Air pollution comes from both natural and
human-made (anthropogenic) sources. However,
globally human-made pollutants from combustion,
construction, mining, agriculture and warfare are
increasingly significant in the air pollution
equation.11 Motor vehicle emissions are one of
the leading causes of air pollution.121314
China, United States, Russia, India15 Mexico,
and Japan are the world leaders in air pollution
emissions. Principal stationary pollution sources
include chemical plants, coal-fired power plants,
oil refineries,16 petrochemical plants, nuclear
waste disposal activity, incinerators, large
livestock farms (dairy cows, pigs, poultry,
etc.), PVC factories, metals production
factories, plastics factories, and other heavy
industry. Agricultural air pollution comes from
contemporary practices which include clear
felling and burning of natural vegetation as well
as spraying of pesticides and herbicides17
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Causes
About 400 million metric tons of hazardous wastes
are generated each year.18 The United States
alone produces about 250 million metric tons.19
Americans constitute less than 5 of the world's
population, but produce roughly 25 of the
worlds CO2,20 and generate approximately 30
of worlds waste.2122 In 2007, China has
overtaken the United States as the world's
biggest producer of CO2,23 while still far
behind based on per capita pollution - ranked
78th among the world's nations. In February 2007,
a report by the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC), representing the work of
2,500 scientists, economists, and policymakers
from more than 120 countries, said that humans
have been the primary cause of global warming
since 1950. Humans have ways to cut greenhouse
gas emissions and avoid the consequences of
global warming, a major climate report concluded.
But to change the climate, the transition from
fossil fuels like coal and oil needs to occur
within decades, according to the final report
this year from the UN's Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC).
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Causes
Some of the more common soil contaminants are
chlorinated hydrocarbons (CFH), heavy metals
(such as chromium, cadmiumfound in rechargeable
batteries, and leadfound in lead paint, aviation
fuel and still in some countries, gasoline),
MTBE, zinc, arsenic and benzene. In 2001 a series
of press reports culminating in a book called
Fateful Harvest unveiled a widespread practice of
recycling industrial byproducts into fertilizer,
resulting in the contamination of the soil with
various metals. Ordinary municipal landfills are
the source of many chemical substances entering
the soil environment (and often groundwater),
emanating from the wide variety of refuse
accepted, especially substances illegally
discarded there, or from pre-1970 landfills that
may have been subject to little control in the
U.S. or EU. There have also been some unusual
releases of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins,
commonly called dioxins for simplicity, such as
TCDD.26
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Causes
Pollution can also be the consequence of a
natural disaster. For example, hurricanes often
involve water contamination from sewage, and
petrochemical spills from ruptured boats or
automobiles. Larger scale and environmental
damage is not uncommon when coastal oil rigs or
refineries are involved. Some sources of
pollution, such as nuclear power plants or oil
tankers, can produce widespread and potentially
hazardous releases when accidents occur. In the
case of noise pollution the dominant source class
is the motor vehicle, producing about ninety
percent of all unwanted noise worldwide.
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Consequences
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Consequenses
Poor quality?? Air in big cities problematic for
people with breathing difficulties. Global
warming. It increases?? Evaporation?? Water and
therefore increases the contrast in climate.
C??'s To say that?? Raining there when it was
raining even before, and vice versa for regions
rather desert. The?? Draining of large lakes
(especially in Africa) and melting glaciers
reduce reserves?? Freshwater catastrophically. Lan
d pollution by industries that use heavy metals
that end up in the soil or in the aquifer in the
worst case. Remediation of derelict industrial
land is very expensive and is only considered
when the pollution reached health of people
living nearby. Unfortunately, this pollution
could very well surprise us with other effects
even more catastrophic increase in sea level
(already observed) or the increase in global
average temperature. That said, we note that the
number of hurricanes and typhoons is increasing
and that this phenomenon is also observed in the
southern hemisphere. It could also be that Europe
is the victim of a new ice age. Indeed, the
melting of the Greenland ice sheet would pour
enough fresh water to stop the current of the
Gulf Stream

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How can we save the world
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How you can save the world

• On earth, many people use products every day to
  help them with their daily tasks. Unfortunately
  humans also hurt the natural environment with the
  manufacture and waste of these products. Smoke
  and fumes let off by factories build up in our
  atmosphere, and trap more heat in the earth.
  Carbon dioxide also depletes the ozone layer,
  which is a protective band around the earth that
  filters UV rays. The earth heats up due to the
  greenhouse effect. On earth, improper disposal of
  waste diseased animals and insects. Litter
  detracts from the beauty of our environment.
  However, there are a few ways you can help to
  stop pollution

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How you can save the world
Steps1 Learn more. Go to your library, surf the
web for solutions, and if you can talk to people
that know more about it than you do. These will
all help you have a better understanding about
pollution.
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How you can save the world
Steps2 Think small. All these little things add
up if everyone does them. Reduce,
reuse, and recycle. Lower the thermometer in the
winter and and raise it in the summer, even if
it's just by a few degrees. Plant a tree. Turn
off the lights when you leave a room.
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How you can save the world
Steps3 Speak out! Tell people about
what you know. Nobody is going to do it for
you! Write an article for your school or local
newspaper. Put up signs around your
neighborhood. Do whatever you can to get the word
out there. You and your friends might start a
group that meets once a week. You can discuss
issues and what you can do to help. Making a
speech about preventing pollution can also get
the word out.
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How you can save the world
Steps4 Stop using paper towels and
other disposable items! Instead of using paper
towels to dry dishes, use a dish towel. Buy
reusable grocery bags instead of getting new ones
every time you go grocery shopping.
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How you can save the world
Steps5 Only use your car when you need to. Walk
or ride a bicycle when you can. If it is
available where you live, take public
transportation such as a train or a bus.
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How you can save the world
Steps6 Car pool. If your neighbor is heading the
same way as you are pick him up. The next trip,
reverse the process. That way, you are saving
fuel and money as well as decreasing pollution.
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Thank you for your attention