Structure of a Long Bone

1
Structure of a Long Bone Define the boxed in
terms. Also define trabeculae
Chapter 11 Skeletal System
2
Anatomy of a long bone Where are long bones
found in the human body? What is the
diaphysis? What is the endosteum? Where is
endosteum? Where is yellow bone marrow
located? What does yellow bone marrow do? What
is an epiphysis? What are epiphyses composed
of? What is contained inside the epiphyses? What
does red marrow do? What type of cartilage is
articular cartilage? Where is articular cartilage
located? What is the rest of a long bone covered
with? What is contained in the periosteum? What
is found throughout the medullary cavity? What
two structures are continuous with the
periosteum?
3
Cartilage Although cartilage is not as strong as
bone, why is it useful? What are cartilage cells
called? What does cartilage lack? Three types
of cartilage
Type Traits/appearance Usefulness Location
Hyaline
Fibro-
Elastic
4
What are the cells of fibrous connective tissue
called? How are fibroblasts arranged? What do
ligaments do? What do tendons do? Define
articulation Define ossification Define
osteoblast, and tell the function Define
osteocyte and tell the function Define
osteoclast and tell the function
5
Fig. 11.2
Title
What does endochondral ossification mean?
6
What are intramembraneous bones? How do they
develop? Explain intremembranous
ossification Two examples of flat
bones What is inside flat bones?
7
Fig. 11.3
Title
Describe what the black arrows in b and c are
indicating
8
Fig. 11.3b
Title
What is the function of or what happens in each
zone?
9
Fig. 11.4
Bone remodeling In response to physical stress,
such a s exercise, osteoclasts break down the
bone in the _______________________________. Oste
oblasts use the material to build bone near the
______________________________. As bones
increase in diameter, the size of the
________________________ increases.
10
Hormones Affect Bone growth What happens to
Vitamin D in the kidneys? What is the main
function of Vitamin D? What does Growth
Hormone (GH) do? What other hormone is needed
for GH to function properly? What causes the
adolescent growth spurt?
11
Bones store Calcium! What blood function is
calcium required for? What happens if Ca levels
fall too low? What happens if Ca levels are too
high? What two things does parathyroid hormone
(PTH) stimulate? Therefore, does PTH cause
blood calcium levels to rise or fall? Which
hormone acts oppostie to PTH? Estrogen causes
blood Ca to decrease because it stimulate
________________________ which use calcium to
build bones? What can happen in older women when
estrogen decreases? What is this condition
called? What should all women do to prevent
osteoporosis?
12
Describe the four steps in BONE
REPAIR How is bone repair different
than bone development? Define Complete
fracture Incomplete fracture Simple
fracture Compound fracture Spiral fracture
13
What is the AXIAL skeleton? Where is the
hyoid located? What is unique about the
anatomy of the hyoid? Why is the hyoid
sometimes useful in forensics?
14
Fig. 11.6
15
Fig. 11.7
16
Fig. 11.8a
17
Fig. 11.9
How many vertebrae in the vertebral column? How
many curves? Why? What is the vertebral
canal? What are foramina? What is the atlas
and what is tis function? What is the axis and
what is its function? What do the thoracic
vertebrae have? What are intervertebral discs
made of? What is their function?
18
Fig. 11.10
What are true ribs? False ribs? Floating
ribs? Why is the manubrium important? Why is
the xyphoid important?
19
Fig. 11.11
What is the apendicular skeleton? What is the
pectoral girdle composed of? Why is the
coracoid process important? What composes the
rotator cuff? Why is the glenoid cavity so
prone to dislocation?
20
Fig. 11.12
What is the pelvic girdle? What is the pelvis
composed of? What are three functions of the
pelvis? How does the female pelvis differ
from a male pelvis? What is the femurs
claim to fame?
21
Synovial Joint structure
Label with name and function
Two types of synovial joints and examples for
each 1. 2.
Two other types of joints and examples for
each 1. 2.
22
Fig. 11.14
Write a title for this diagram