The Road to Revolution

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Unit 2

• The Road to Revolution

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The Thirteen Colonies

• From 1607 1732, the
• British government will
• authorize the founding (start)
• of thirteen colonies in North
• America.
• The colonies will be divided
• by geographical location into three
• distinct regions New England,
• Middle and South

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The 13 Colonies
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New York moment From Dutch to English

• New York was originally a Dutch colony founded in
  1613 and was know as New Netherland. By 1647, it
  will be directed by Peter Stuyvesant..
• In 1664, an English fleet will sail
• Into New Amsterdam and seize
• the city and the whole colony.
• New Netherland will be renamed
• New York and New Amsterdam
• Will become NYC.
• TAI? Why would the Dutch give
• up the colony so easily?

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New Netherland The Dutch in NY
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Labor in the Colonies

• Indentured Servants had the fee for their
  journey paid for by another and in return was
  contracted to work for that person for a period
  of up to seven years. Once the time was up, they
  were free to go.
• African Slaves The first Africans brought to
  the New World to be used as slaves arrived in
  Jamestown in1619.
• TAI? What were the major differences between an
  indentured servant and an African slave?

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The African Slave Trade

• Portuguese, Spanish and English all involved
  England outlaws slavery in 1833 and starts
  patrolling the waters off the coast of Africa to
  prevent slave ships from operating.
• TAI?
• Where
• did the
• majority
• of African
• slaves
• arrive?

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The Middle Passage

• The journey of African slaves was often very
  difficult. Denied the basic necessities of life,
  Africans were chained together and packed onto
  slave ships for the journey across the Atlantic
  to the Americas.
• Slavers used two methods of packing slaves
  tight pack and loose pack . TAI? - What do you
  think this meant?

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Life Aboard a Slave Ship
While watching record three details about the
slave trade industry.
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Triangular Trade
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Triangular Trade
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British Mercantilism

• In order to make huge profits
• from the colonies, Britain would
• take the raw materials that the
• colonies had, bring them to England
• and turn them into manufactured
• goods. They would then sell those
• goods to the colonies for huge profits.
• Colonies provided an outlet
• to sell a nations goods.
• TAI? What would prevent the colonists from
  importing manufactured goods from other countries?

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(No Transcript)
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European Colonization

• Spain, Russia, England and
• France competed for control
• of N. America.
• The competition for new
• colonies often caused friction
• between different nations.
• TAI? Why were European
• nations so competitive?

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The Albany Plan of Union

• In June 1754 delegates from most of the northern
  colonies and representatives from the Six
  Iroquois Nations met in Albany, New York. There
  they adopted a "plan of union" drafted by
  Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania.

• Under this plan each colonial legislature would
  elect delegates to an American continental
  assembly presided over by a royal governor.

TAI? What do you believe to be the meaning of
the flag to the right?
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French And Indian War

• In the 1750s, tension between
• England and France will
• increase due to land disputes.
• The tension will lead to The
• French and Indian War (1754-
• 1763).
• American colonists aided by
• British soldiers and Native allies
• will fight Canadian colonists,
• French soldiers and their
• Native allies.

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The French and Indian War 1754-1763
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Treaty of Paris - 1763

• After seven years of fighting, the British and
  French will meet in Paris to sign a treaty to end
  the French and Indian War. This will be known as
  the Treaty of Paris (1763)
• The treaty is favorable
• to the British as the
• French will lose most
• of their land holdings
• in North America.

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Proclamation Act of 1763

• Record on notesheet
• Why American colonists were angry
• Had to stay out of the newly won lands.
• Had to pay taxes to pay for the war.
• Had to pay taxes to have British troops patrol
  the new lands.

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However, land was given to British soldiers who
fought in the FI War

• To every Person having the Rank of a Field
  Officer5,000 Acres.
• To every Captain3,000 Acres.
• To every Subaltern or Staff Officer2,000 Acres.
• To every Non-Commission Officer200 Acres.
• To every Private Man50 Acres

TAI? Why might the giving of lands in N.
America to British soldiers upset American
colonists?
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The FUN Begins for American Colonists taxes,
taxes, taxes and more taxes

• In order to pay the costs of the French and
  Indian War, King George III places a series of
  different taxes on the American Colonies.
• Colonists are split over the taxation, some are
  supportive of the King, while others are angered
  by the taxation as the colonies lacked
  representation in British Parliament.
• Those colonists who remain loyal to the King
  become known as Loyalists, while those opposed to
  the King take on the name Patriots!

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The Sugar Act

• Passed by British Parliament on April 5, 1764
• The Sugar Act reduced the rate of tax on
  molasses. The act also listed more foreign goods
  to be taxed including sugar, certain wines,
  coffee, pimiento, cambric and printed calico, and
  further, regulated the export of lumber and iron.
  
• The tax on molasses caused the almost immediate
  decline in the rum industry in the colonies.
• The situation disrupted the colonial economy by
  reducing the markets to which the colonies could
  sell, and the amount of currency available to
  them for the purchase of British manufactured
  goods.

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The Sugar Act - 1764 TAI? Why did colonists
object to the tariffs?
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The Stamp Act

• Passed by the British Parliament on March 22,
  1765
• The new tax was imposed on all American colonists
  and required them to pay a tax on every piece of
  printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal
  documents, licenses, newspapers, other
  publications, and even playing cards were taxed.
• The money collected by the Stamp Act was to be
  used to help pay the costs of defending and
  protecting the American frontier near the
  Appalachian Mountains (10,000 troops were to be
  stationed on the American frontier for this
  purpose).

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The Stamp Act - 1765
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The Sons of Liberty

• Started by a small group of colonists in 1765 who
  were angered by the Stamp Act.
• By the end of 1775 the Sons of Liberty will have
  chapters in every colony.
• The Sons would try to stay away from violence and
  use non-violent ways to show their disgust of
  British laws (for example, hang likenesses of
  people in city streets, harass tax collectors and
  other non-violent things).
• One of the leading Sons of Liberty was Samuel
  Adams.

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Sons of Liberty
Identify the two main leaders of the Sons of
Liberty.
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The Townshend Act

• Passed by British Parliament on June 29, 1767.
• The act placed taxes on glass, paint, oil, lead,
  paper, and tea in order to raise money for the
  administration of the colonies.
• The act further enhanced the hostile relationship
  between the colonists and England.

Charles Townshend British politician and the
author of the Act
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The Boston Massacre March 5, 1770

• The Boston Massacre was a street fight that
  occurred between a "patriot" mob, throwing
  snowballs, stones, and sticks, and a squad of
  British soldiers.
• Several colonists were killed, including Crispus
  Attucks a black sailor.
• This led to a campaign by speech-writers to stir
  up anti-British emotions in the colonies.

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The Boston Massacre 1770Facts Fiction
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And more taxes The Tea Act

• Passed by Parliament on May 10, 1773
• The act was not intended to raise revenue in the
  American colonies, and in fact imposed no new
  taxes.
• It was designed to increase sales for the East
  India Company which was doing poorly financially
  and had eighteen million pounds of unsold tea.
• This tea was to be shipped directly to the
  colonies, and sold at a bargain price.
• The direct sale of tea, via British agents, would
  also have undercut the business of local
  merchants.

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The Boston Tea Party

• The Boston Tea Party of December 16, 1773, took
  place when a group of Massachusetts Patriots,
  protesting the monopoly on American tea
  importation recently granted by Parliament to the
  East India Company, seized 342 chests of tea in a
  midnight raid on three tea ships and threw them
  into the harbor.

It took nearly three hours for more than 100
colonists to empty the tea into Boston Harbor.
The chests held more than 90,000 lbs. (45 tons)
of tea, which would cost nearly 1,000,000
dollars today.
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The Boston Tea Party - 1773
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The first Continental Congress

• The first Continental Congress met in
  Philadelphia, from September 5, to October 26,
  1774.
• All of the colonies except Georgia sent
  delegates.
• The first few weeks were consumed in discussion
  and debate.
• The colonies had always, up to this time, acted
  independently. They now had to act together.
• It was agreeable to all that the King and
  Parliament must be made to understand the
  grievances of the colonies.
• It was decided to meet again in one year to gauge
  
• the Kings reaction to their complaints.

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The first Continental Congress Sept. Oct. 1774
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Thomas Paine Common Sense

• Paine wrote Common Sense in January of 1776
• It was a 47 page pamphlet
• It was published anonymously
• It argued that citizens, not kings and queens,
  should make laws
• It sold over 500,000 copies throughout the
  colonies
• It will change the way many viewed the king
• It will persuade people, who were undecided about
  supporting the king, to join the side of the
  Patriots
• TAI? Why would Paine wish to remain anonymous?

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Thomas Paine Common Sense