Properties of Matter

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Properties of Matter
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Matter

• Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
• (Mass is a measure of the quantity of something
  and volume is how much space it takes up)

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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• A Physical Property of a substance is a
  characteristic or description of the substance
  that may help to identify it.
• For example Sodium is a silvery metal.

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Physical Properties Observed with the Senses

• Colour
• Texture
• Odour
• Lustre
• Clarity
• Taste

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The States of Matter

• Solid, Liquid, Gas, (Plasmas)

Solar plasmas of Jupiter
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2. Hardness

• Resistance of a solid to being scratched or
  dented
• Example diamond is harder than glass

Glass tiles are cut using water and diamond
encrusted blades
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3. Malleability

• Ability of a metal to be hammered or bent into
  different shapes
• Example Aluminum foil is easily bent

Chromium metal bent into different shapes
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4. Ductility

• Ability of a metal to be pulled into wires
• Example Copper is very ductile and is commonly
  used for electrical wiring

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5. Melting and Boiling Points

• Temperature at which substances change state
• Water changes from solid to a liquid at 0ºC

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6. Crystal Form

• The solid form taken by many minerals. Each
  mineral usually takes a characteristic pattern
• Salt Crystals usually look like tiny cubes

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7. Solubility

• The ability of a substance to dissolve in a
  solvent
• Example Sugar is soluble in water

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8. Viscosity

• How easy a liquid flows
• Example The thicker the liquid, the slower it
  flows and is more viscous. Corn syrup is viscous

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9. Density

• The amount of matter per unit volume
• Density mass/volume
• Example Lead is very dense, feathers are not
  dense

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10. Conductivity

• If a substance is able to conduct heat or
  electricity.
• Conductor able to conduct
• Example most metals, copper is very good
• Insulator has little or no conductivity
• Example styrofoam, glass

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CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• A Chemical Property of a substance describes the
  behaviour of a substance as it becomes a new
  substance

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1. Combustibility

• The ability of a substance to react with oxygen
  to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy
• Gasoline is very combustible or flammable. Water
  is nonflammable.

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2. Reaction with Acid

• The ability of a substance to react with acids to
  produce a gas
• Example Zinc reacts with acid to produce
  bubbles of gas.

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Other Examples include

• Absorbs heat during reaction
• Forms gas when heated
• Reacts with water
• Emits heat during reaction
• Emits light during reaction
• Forms a precipitate (solid) in a solution

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MATTER
- has mass and takes up space, made up of atoms
and molecules
Pure Substances
Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixtures
Solutions
Elements
Compounds

• looks like one
• substance
• -Homogeneous
• E.g. ______

• simplest form
• cannot be broken
• down
• - E.g. ________

• made of 2 or more
• elements
• can be broken
• down chemically
• - E.g. ________

- Mechanical Mixtures - individual substances
are visible - E.g. ____________
- Suspensions - tiny particles of one substance
are held within Another -E.g. __________