Common Acids

1
Common Acids
2
Common Acids

• Sulfuric Acid H2SO4
• Nitric Acid HNO3
• Phosphoric Acid H3PO4
• Hydrochloric Acid HCl
• Acetic Acid CH3COOH
• Carbonic Acid H2CO3

Battery acid
Used to make fertilizers and explosives
Food flavoring
Stomach acid
Vinegar
Carbonated water
3
Formation of Hydronium Ions
1
1




H
H2O
H3O
hydrogen ion
water
hydronium ion
(a proton)
4
Sulfuric Acid, H2SO4
Sulfuric acid is the most commonly produced
industrial chemical in the world. Uses
petroleum refining, metallurgy, manufacture of
fertilizer, many industrial
processes metals, paper, paint, dyes, detergents
Sulfuric acid is used in automobile batteries.
H2SO4
oil of vitriol
5
Nitric Acid, HNO3
Nitric acid stains proteins yellow (like your
skin). Uses make explosives, fertilizers,
rubber, plastics, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.
HNO3
aqua fortis
6
Hydrochloric Acid, HCl
The stomach produces HCl to aid in the digestion
of food. Uses For pickling iron and
steel. Pickling is the immersion of metals in
acid solution to remove surface impurities. A
dilute solution of HCl is called muriatic acid
(available in many hardware stores). Muriatic
acid is commonly used to adjust pH in swimming
pools and in the cleaning of masonry.
HCl(g) H2O(l) HCl(aq)
hydrogen chloride water
hydrochloric acid