Human Anatomy

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Human Anatomy PhysiologyCIRCULATORY
RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
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Primary Function
Transport nutrients and waste products through
body
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Circulatory System Anatomy

• Two Systems
• Pulmonary
• Heart Lungs
• Systemic
• Heart rest of Body

Lungs
Components -Heart -Blood vessels -Blood
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The Heart
Anatomy -Myocardium -RL Atria -RL
Ventricles -Valves Tricuspid Mitral -Pacemake
r
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Heart Blood Circulation
Blood always enters heart through atria Blood
always leaves heart through ventricles
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Pulmonary Systemic Circulation
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Blood Vessels
Blood flows away FROM the heart in arteries to
cells, where nutrients and wastes are exchanged
back to heart in veins

• Arteries carry blood AWAY from
• the heart
• large thick-walled flexible tubes (Aorta)
• Veins carry blood TOWARDS the heart
• thinner-walled tubes with valves
• Capillaries carry blood from arteries to veins,
  allow exchange of materials at cells
• Microscopic at every cell to allow exchange of
  material

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Blood Pressure
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Circulatory Diseases

• Atherosclerosis
• Fat build-up (plaque) on inner walls of arteries
• Can lead to stroke, heart attack
• Hypertension (High blood pressure)
• Abnormally high blood pressure (greater than
  140/90, normal 120/80)
• Greater chance of heart attack, stroke
• Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
• Heart cells die due to lack of oxygen
• Stroke
• Plaque breaks free from inner arterial wall and
  blocks circulation

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Blood

• Functions
• Supply oxygen nutrients to cells
• Remove carbon dioxide and waste products from
  cells
• Carry white blood cells to areas of infection
• Carry hormones to target organs
• Maintain blood homeostasis (pH, chemical)
• Maintain body temperature
• Carry platelets to aid in clotting

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• Components
• Plasma (55) water, sugars, proteins, salts
• Red blood cells erythrocytes (45) deliver O2,
  remove CO2 -hemoglobin
• White blood cells leukocytes (1)
• Disease-fighters
• Platelets thrombocytes (1) blood clotting

RBC no nuclei WBC nuclei Platelets- pieces

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Lymphatic System

• Functions
• Returns fluid leaked from cells (lymph) into
  surrounding tissues back into circulatory system
• Filters out bacteria, unwanted chemicals from
  lymph
• Absorb nutrients to return to neighboring cells

• Anatomy
• Lymph vessels
• Lymph nodes
• Spleen
• Thymus
• Tonsils

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Respiratory System

• Primary Function
• Bring about the exchange of oxygen and carbon
  dioxide between the blood, the air and tissues

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Respiratory System Anatomy
Follow the pathway of an air molecule -Nasal
cavity AND/OR Mouth -Pharynx -Epiglottis -Larynx -
Trachea -Lung -Bronchus -Bronchiole
-Alveolus
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Protection
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Gas Exchange
Carbon dioxide and oxygen gasses are exchanged at
the alveolus and capillary.
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Breathing
Breathing is the movement of air into and out of
the lungs
Inhalation breathing in Exhalation breathing
out
Partial conscious control Autonomic control
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Respiratory Problems

• Emphysema loss of elasticity in the lungs
  making it very difficult to breathe
• Cannot get enough O2 to body
• Cannot get rid of enough CO2
• Caused by smoking
• Caused by air pollution

Asthma tightness in chest difficulty
breathing (often caused by allergies) Bronchitis
- inflammation of mucus membrane of
bronchi Cystic Fibrosis - mucus membrane produces
thick substance clogging airways
(genetic) Pneumonia Inflammation of the lungs
(bacterial or viral) Tuberculosis Inflammation
of the lungs (infectious, bacterial)
Healthy lungs Smokers lungs