The Beginning of Napoleonic Era

1
The Beginning of Napoleonic Era Day 1

• EU - French Revolution had wide ranging and
  long-term impacts on France and the world
• In times of crisis, people will turn to strong
  leaders to gain a sense of stability.
• self-Quick Quiz on French Revolution
• Complete pp 15 about the rise of Napoleon
• Log onto website, go to classwork documents, read
  napoleon and censorship.pdf and answer the
  Thinking it through question

2

• French Revolution review
• 1. How was French society organized before the
  Revolution?
• What symbolic act of the French Revolution is
  still celebrated today?
• With regard to Q. 1.- what group would an
  Attorney have been a member of?
• Why was the Estates General called into session?
• What was the first governing body called at the
  start of the revolution? What group did this
  grow out of?
• What promise was in the Tennis Court Oath?
• Who was the leader of the Committee of Public
  Safety?
• At the end of the Revolution, what government
  replaced the Legislative Assembly/Convention?
• Name for the period of chaos and many executions?
• What military leader gained power through a coup
  detat?

3

• French Revolution review
• 1. How was French society organized before the
  Revolution?
• What symbolic act of the French Revolution is
  still celebrated today?
• With regard to Q. 1.- what group would an
  Attorney have been a member of?
• Why was the Estates General called into session?
• What was the first governing body called at the
  start of the revolution? What group did this
  grow out of?
• What promise was in the Tennis Court Oath?
• Who was the leader of the Committee of Public
  Safety?
• At the end of the Revolution, what government
  replaced the Legislative Assembly/Convention?
• Name for the period of chaos and many executions?
• What military leader gained power through a coup
  detat?

3 estates Storming the Bastille 3rd estate as a
bourgeosie To address and approve the kings call
for taxes National Assembly, the 3rd Estate of
the Estates General That the 3rd Estate (National
Assembly) would not back down Maximilien
Robespierre The Directory and the bicameral
legislature Reign of Terror Napoleon
4
Napoleon Bonaparte
5
Not this Napoleon
6
thisNapoleon Bonaparte
7
The Age of Napoleon Begins

• The Man from Corsica
• 1. Born on Corsica- Island in Mediterranean,
  close to Italy
• 2. At age 9, he was sent to military school
• 3. 20 when Revolution occurs- Confused taught
  to be loyal to the King.
• 4. Early Successes
• July 1793 - Drove Brits from Toulon- a port city
  in the South of France, occupied by the British
• Paris October 1795 Saved National Convention
  from Royalist rebels
• 1796-1797 Italian campaign forced to surrender
  ending the Austrian threat to France
• Egypt 1798- Disrupt British Trade with India was
  the goal, turned out to be a disaster but
  symbolically good for Napoleon as he was able to
  control the press reports

8

• 5. 1799- Overthrows the Directory
• - Coup DEtat
• - Sets up Consulate (3 men)
• - Napoleon will act as First Consul for Life-
  1802
• 6. Self Made Emperor- 1804
• Holds Plebiscite- Ballot which voters say
  yes/no to an issue
• people vote yes on question about Napoleon
  becoming emperor

9
Napoleon, Emperor of France
10
France Under Napoleon

• Central Government is Strengthened
• 1) Reforms
• 1. Controls Economy
• 2. Builds Roads/ Canals
• 3. Public Schools the lycees
• 4. Concordat of 1801- Peace with the Church
• 5. He had the support of all Classes
• 2) Napoleonic Code
• Equality in law and justice
• Right to own property creates a permanent
  bourgeois society
• Religious Freedom
• Women lost rights
• Order over individual rights BUT heavy-handed
  police state under Minister of Police Fouche
• Restrictions on speech, press and political
  organizations
• More executions

11
France Under Napoleon Cont

• Slave uprising and a challenge to French
  authority needed to be put down
• Cost was too high and too many deaths lead to
  Napoleon removing French troops
• Sold Louisiana to the US to give the US a chance
  to compete with Britain and to get money for
  Frances European wars

• 5. Napoleon wanted to destroy the British Navy to
  break the continental blockade and so that France
  would be able to invade the British Islands
• the tow navies met at the naval Battle of
  Trafalgar.
• British Admiral Horatio Nelson defeated the
  French navy and
• Britain was safe while
• France was cooped up on the European continent.

12
Subduing an Empire

• Key military factors and beliefs
• Individual Losses for overall Victory- OK with
  Napoleon
• Rapid Movement/ New Plans and Tactics-
• Napoleon was an artillery and overall military
  genius
• A. The Grand Empire
• 1. Annex- Add Territory- Belgium,
• Netherlands, Italy, Germany
• 2. Abolishes H.R.E.- Creates 38
• Member conference of the Rhine in what is now
  Germany
• 3. Part of Poland- the Grand Duchy of Warsaw
  conquered by Napoleon
• 4. Puts family and friends on European Thrones
  (Joe Bonaparte- Spain)
• 5. Divorces Josephine- Maries niece of Marie
  Antoinette- A Princess of Austria

13

• France v. Britain
• 1. 1805- Battle of Trafalgar- Admiral Nelson
  destroys French Fleet
• 2. Continental System- Closes European Ports
  under French control to British Ships and British
  made goods
• 3. British Blockade- British navy cuts off all
  traffic in and out of French ports
• Successes and Failures
• Continental System big failure
• Scarce Goods- Prices went up
• 3. Victories- led to Nationalism- French Pride

14
Napoleon Bonaparte - 1769-1821 - Day 2

• EU - In times of crisis, people will turn to
  strong leaders to gain a sense of stability.
• Complete p 16 to understand map skills and the
  extent of Napoleons French Empire (see pdf19)
• Actively Read p 18 about two views of Napoleon
  and answer q1-2
• Read napoleonleadergeneraltyrantreformer.pdf
  - answer attached questions 1, 2 and 4
• Plan a cartoon illustrating the fall of Napoleon
  but also including his legacy.
• Complete p 20 about the Congress of Vienna.

15
The End of an Era

• Challenges to Napoleons Empire
• Napoleons Armies viewed as oppressors, not
  liberators as he saw himself many riots and
  revolts throughout the empire.
• The Peninsula War Spanish and Portuguese
  resistance- 1808-1813
• Spanish loyal to former King, not his brother,
  troops sent in to insure Joe Bs rule.
• Guerilla Warfare- hit and run against the French
• Keeps troops occupied and bogged down in Spain
• Portugal refuses to participate in Continental
  Blockade. Troops sent to force cooperation.

16

• Attack on Russia- Defeat
• 1) Czar Alexander I resigns from participating
  in the continental System
• 2) Napoleon invades Russia, sends in the Grand
  Army (600,000) people.
• 3) Russians retreat east, employing the
  Scorched Earth tactic. (Good example of
  History Repeating itself- ask me).
• 4) Napoleon in Moscow By September, but cannot
  stay during winter- no food
• - 600,000 men begin journey, only 30,000
  return.

17
IV. Downfall of Napoleon

• Russia, Great Britain, Prussia, Austria v.
  Napoleon
• Battle of Nations at Leipzig
• Napoleon is defeated, forced to Abdicate
• Exiled to Elba- Louis XVIII is placed on the
  Thrown
• B) Napoleon Returns for 100 days
• People Hate Louis 18- Economy is a mess, people
  and military still loyal to Napoleon
• Napoleon escapes Elba- organizes army, runs Louis
  out of France
• C) Waterloo-
• 1. June 18, 1815- Belgium
• 2. Defeated by the Duke of Wellington and
  General
• Blucher (Prussia)
• 3. Exiled to St. Helena forever

18
Interpreting Maps olt p 232 on pdf 19

1. Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Confederation of
   Rhine (Germany), Duchy of Warsaw (Poland), Italy,
   Illyrian Provinces (Yugoslavia), Switzerland,
   Spain Russia, Prussia and Austria were allied
   with France by 1810, but not controlled by
   Napoleons France
2. About 1700 miles, 2800 km
3. North n w
4. Spain at Gibraltar
5. Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Great Britain, Ireland,
   Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Ottoman Empire were
   not controlled by or allied with Napoleon
6. There was more land allied with or controlled by
   Napoleon than unallied and unconquered.
7. 1600 miles or 2600km
8. Trafalgar, Ulm, Austerlitz, Wagram and Friedland

19
Viewpoints on Napoleonpp 18
1. Napoleon uses force and cunning to persuade
people He grew more and more dictatorial, further
and further encroaching (moving into and taking)
peoples liberty, and the independence of the
rest of Europe.
2. Napoleon is legitimate and should be
supported, not because of nobility but because he
will best protect the liberty of the 3rd Estate.
He also has right to rule because he leads the
successful army as it conquers all of France and
Europe.
20
V. Legacy of Napoleon

• Values of the French Revolution were spread
  throughout Europe equality, liberty, justice,
  the rights of man.
• France Government Centralized with Constitution
• Civil Code (Napoleonic codes) applicable to all
  citizens right to own property spreads
  bourgeois middle class property owners to all of
  Europe
• Limited Suffrage Elections
• Nationalism For European Nations
• Sold Louisiana Territory to U.S.
• Congress of Vienna and balance of European Power
  peace in Europe.

21
Membership Austria Prussia Russia France Great
Britain

• Goals
• Establish lasting peace in Europe (based on
  theory of balance of power)
• Prevent future French aggression
• Restore monarchs

Congress of Vienna

• Actions Taken
• Creation of some new powers
• Kingdom of Netherlands
• adding to Kingdom of Sardinia
• German Confederation
• Independent Switzerland
• Took land from France to return to pre-1792
  borders
• Developed Concert of Europe and Holy Alliance

• Legacy
• Short-term
• conservatives returned to power
• Revolts in many colonies like Brazil and Mexico
• Long-term
• 40 years of European peace
• France slightly weakened and Britain and Germany
  strengthened to balance France
• Rise of nationalism
• Implemented balance of power concept

Congress of Vienna