Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System

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Efforts of the Philippine Statistical System on
the Compilation of Gender Statistics
By Romulo A. Virola and Jessamyn O.
Encarnacion National Statistical Coordination
Board
Global Forum on Gender Statistics 26-28 January
2009, Accra, Ghana
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Outline of the Presentation

1. Introduction
2. The Philippine System of National Accounts
3. Efforts on the Measurement of the Contribution of
   Women in the Economy
4. Estimation Methodology
5. Results and Highlights
6. Concluding Remarks and Recommendations

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I. Introduction

• From 2000 to 2003, women accounted for the second
  largest number of poor population (after the
  children)

Magnitude of poor women Poverty Incidence ()
2000 12.2 million 32.3
2003 11.6 million 29.0

• Gender differential still remains as an issue in
  economic participation
• Economic participation - 80 for men versus 50
  for women in 2006
• Employment rate - 74 for men versus 46 for
  women in 2005
• Poses a challenge to the country in achieving
  Goal 3 of the MDGs

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I. Introduction

• 2000 pilot time use survey shows that men are
  more economically empowered spending longer
  hours on economic activities than women
• Gender inequality in economic participation
• Need for information on womens and mens
  contribution to the economy

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I. Introduction

• Past efforts on the generation of satellite
  accounts
• a. Measuring The Contribution of Women To The
  
• Philippine Economy by Romulo A. Virola and
  Sylvia M. de Perio (1998)
• b. Womens Contribution To The Economy by
  Romulo
• A. Virola (1999)
• Renewed calls for the NSCB to value womens
  unpaid work

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II. The PSNA
The PSNA Framework and Production Boundary
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II. The PSNA

• Non-Market Services (unaccounted activities)
  include the
• following (from SNA 1993, par. 6.4 )
• Cleaning, decoration and maintenance of the
  dwelling unit
• Cleaning, servicing and repair of household
  durable goods, including vehicles
• Preparation and serving of meals

• d. Care, training and instruction of children
• Care of sick, infirm or old and
• Transportation of members of the household or
  their goods

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II. The PSNA

• Women usually produce the non-market services
  (unaccounted activities) in their households
• To adequately measure womens contribution in
  society
• - means expanding the definition of the SNA
  production boundary to include non-market services

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II. The PSNA
Possible underestimation
1. Outside the SNA Production Boundary -
non-market services in households 2. Within the
SNA Production Boundary a. Women in the
entertainment industry b. Women engaged in
household operations c. Women engaged in
household-based agricultural production
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III. Efforts on the Measurement of the
Contribution of Women in the Economy

1. Efforts in the International Community

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III. Efforts on the Measurement of the
Contribution of Women in the Economy
Cont
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III. Efforts on the Measurement of the
Contribution of Women in the Economy

• 2. Efforts in the Philippine Statistical System
• a. Measuring The Contribution of Women To The
  
• Philippine Economy by Romulo A. Virola and
  Sylvia M. de Perio (1998)
• b. Womens Contribution To The Economy by
  Romulo
• A. Virola (1999)
• 3. United Nations Position
• In the 1993 SNA domestic and personal services
  produced for own final consumption within
  households are still excluded in the estimation
  of the GDP

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IV. Estimation Methodology

• Taking off from the methodology used by Virola
  and de Perio in 1998
• Using updated parameters from the results of the
  2000 TUS.

a/ Used in the 1998 study of Virola and de
Perio b/ Used in this study c/ Details of the
original were 1) rescaled to add up to 24
hours (1 day) and 2) weighted using urban (for
Quezon City) and rural (for Batangas) population
as weights.
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IV. Estimation Methodology

• GDP by Sex
• a. Using Total Employment (from LFS)
• b. Using Total Hours Worked (from LFS)
• - Data from the LFS was used as weights
• - Used hours deemed to be more reflective of
  the quantity of participation of women or men
  in the labor force

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IV. Estimation Methodology

• NFIA by sex
• a. Net Compensation
• - remittances by sex in the SOF was used as
  weights.
• b. Net Property Income
• - allocated equally to men and women due to
  unavailability of an allocation basis
• GNP by sex
• - simply the sum of GDP and NFIA by sex

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IV. Estimation Methodology

• Multiplied by the total number of employed,
  unemployed and those outside the labor force from
  the LFS

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IV. Estimation Methodology
Methods Used in Valuation of Unpaid Work
Method Monetary value used in this study Labor force participation
1. Opportunity Cost (OC) Mean compensation per employee Employed
2. Market Price (MP) Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force
Generalist Janitor Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force
Specialist N/A Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force
Minimum Wage Minimum wage Employed Unemployed Not in the labor force
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IV. Estimation Methodology

• Unpaid household and community services by sex
  was estimated using the same procedures except
  total time spent in community services was
  included
• Direct estimation of unpaid household was used in
  computing for the self-valuation results

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V. Results and Highlights

• Accounting for Unpaid Work, Conventional GDP
  Increases by 66.2 Percent!

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V. Results and Highlights

• Womens Contribution to GDP increased by 8
  Percentage Points

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V. Results and Highlights

• Women Account for 59.6 Percent of the Total Hours
  of Unpaid Work!

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V. Results and Highlights

• Women Not in the Labor Force Account for More
  than Half of the Total Value of Unpaid Work of
  Women!

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V. Results and Highlights

• Women Accounted for only 27.4 while Men was
  higher with 72.6 Percent of the Total NFIA!

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V. Results and Highlights

• Women Contributed 46.2 Percent of the Adjusted
  GNP!

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V. Results and Highlights

• New Estimates of Unpaid Work Almost Doubled!

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V. Results and Highlights

• Unpaid Work is Higher if Self-Valuation is Used!

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VI. Concluding remarks and recommendations

• Methodology needs improvement
• Data limitations of the PSS
• 3. Financial and manpower constraints of the
  NSCB
• 4. Reports appear to be comparable to other
  countries
• Better appreciation from international community
  will benefit the efforts to value unpaid work in
  the SNA

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VI. Concluding remarks and recommendations

• 6. Users should recognize the benefits from the
  generation of statistics and it will be helpful
  if they are able to demonstrate actual policy
  uses of statistics.
• Need for statistical capacity building of the
  producers, users and the providers of statistics.
• The Government thru the DBM and Congress should
  realize that statistics will play a the critical
  role in the global competition among
  knowledge-based economies in the Third
  Millennium.

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