Psychological Science

1

• Chapter 1
• Psychological Science
• Experimentation

2
Experimentation

• Experiment
• an investigator manipulates one or more factors
  (independent variables) to observe their effect
  on some behavior or mental process (the dependent
  variable)
• by random assignment of participants the
  experiment controls other relevant factors

3
Theory

• Seeing violence on TV causes children to behave
  violently in real life.

4
Hypothesis

• If children watch a violent TV show, they will be
  more likely to act violently than if children do
  not watch a violent TV show.

5
Operational Definitions

• If children watch a violent TV show, they will be
  more likely to act violently than if children do
  not watch a violent TV show.
• Children
• watch
• violent TV show
• more likely
• act violently
• non-violent TV show

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Experimental Design
Population
100 children ages 5-8
Random Assignment
Independent variable
7
Record evidence of violent behavior
Record evidence of violent behavior
Dependent variable
8
Experimentation

• Placebo
• an inert substance or condition that may be
  administered instead of a presumed active agent,
  such as a drug, to see if it triggers the effects
  believed to characterize the active agent
• Double-blind Procedure
• both the research participants and the research
  staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the
  research participants have received the treatment
  or a placebo
• commonly used in drug-evaluation studies

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Experimentation

• Experimental Condition
• the condition of an experiment that exposes
  participants to the treatment, that is, to one
  version of the independent variable
• Control Condition
• the condition of an experiment that contrasts
  with the experimental treatment
• serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect
  of the treatment

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Experimentation

• Random Assignment
• assigning participants to experimental and
  control conditions by chance
• minimizes pre-existing differences between those
  assigned to the different groups

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Experimentation

• Independent Variable
• the experimental factor that is manipulated
• the variable whose effect is being studied
• Dependent Variable
• the experimental factor that may change in
  response to manipulations of the independent
  variable
• in psychology it is usually a behavior or mental
  process

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Experimentation
13
Design an experiment that would test the effects
of alcohol consumption on hand-eye coordination.
Be sure to include how your subjects are selected
and assigned, the control and experimental
conditions, independent and dependent variables,
as well as any extraneous or confounding
variables.