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Title: Section 1 Sorting It All Out


1
Classification
Chapter 9
Preview
Section 1 Sorting It All Out Section 2 Domains
and Kingdoms
Concept Mapping
2
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
Bellringer
Think about the different ways humans classify
things. In your science journal, list at least
five things that humans classify.
3
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
Objectives
  • Explain why and how organisms are classified.
  • List the eight levels of classification.
  • Explain scientific names.
  • Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying
    organisms.

4
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
Why Classify?
  • Answering Questions The classification of living
    things makes it easier for biologist to answer
    many important questions such as
  • 1. How many known species are there?
  • 2. What are the defining characteristics of each
    species?
  • 3. What are the relationships between these
    species?

5
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
How do Scientists Classify Organisms?
  • Classification Today Taxonomists use the
    eight-level system to classify living things
    based on shared characteristics.
  • Branching Diagrams On a branching diagram,
    several characteristics are listed along the line
    that points to the right. Each characteristic is
    shared by the animals to the right of it.

6
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
7
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
Levels of Classification
  • Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels of
    classification are
  • 1. Domain
  • 2. Kingdom
  • 3. Phylum
  • 4. Class
  • 5. Order
  • 6. Family
  • 7. Genus
  • 8. Species

8
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
9
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
Scientific Names
  • One Species, One Name A scientific name is always
    the same for a specific kind of organism no
    matter how many common names there might be.
  • Two-Part Names The first part of a speciess name
    is the genus name. It is always capitalized. The
    second part of the name is the species name.

10
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
Dichotomous Keys
  • What Is a Dichotomous Key? A dichotomous key is a
    tool for identifying organisms that uses a series
    of paired descriptive statements.
  • Two-Part Names By working through the statements
    in a dichotomous key in order, a person can
    eventually identify an unknown organism.

11
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
12
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Chapter 9
A Growing System
  • Still Discoveries to Make People are still
    discovering and classifying organisms.
  • Discovery Unique Organisms Sometimes new
    organisms are found that are so different from
    other known organisms that new classes, phyla,
    and so on must be formed.

13
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Chapter 9
Bellringer
List seven musical artists, bands, or acts.
Categorize the names on your list by style of
music. Describe in your science journal the
categories you chose and explain which bands
might fit into more than one category.
14
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Objectives
  • Explain how classification developed as greater
    numbers of organisms became known.
  • Describe the three domains.
  • Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya

15
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
What Is It?
  • What Is Used to Classify Organisms? Organisms are
    classified by their characteristics.
  • Adding New Classification Categories As
    scientists continue to learn about living things,
    they add classification categories that account
    for the characteristics of different organisms.

16
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Two Kingdoms of Bacteria
  • The Domain Archaea Archaea are one of two kinds
    of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are single-celled
    organisms that do not have a nucleus. Most are
    known to live in extreme environments.
  • The Domain Bacteria Bacteria are another kind of
    prokaryote. Bacteria can be found in soil,
    water, and even on and inside the human body.

17
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya
  • The Kingdom Protista Today members of the kingdom
    Protista commonly called protists, are
    single-celled or simple multicelluar organisms.
  • Protista contains many kinds of organisms,
    including protozoans, algae, and euglenoids.

18
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya, continued
  • The Kingdom Fungi Molds and mushrooms are
    examples of the complex, multicelluar members of
    the kingdom Fungi.
  • Fungi do not perform photosynthesis or eat food.
    Instead, fungi absorb nutrients from substances
    in their surroundings.

19
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Plantae
  • Plants The kingdom Plantae consists of organisms
    that are eukaryotic, have cell walls, and make
    food through photosynthesis.
  • Examples of Plantae Sequoia trees, roses,
    grasses, ferns, and more are all examples of
    members of the kingdom Plantae.

20
Chapter 9
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Animalia
  • Animals The kingdom Animalia contains complex,
    multicellular organisms that dont have cell
    walls, are usually able to move around, and have
    specialized sense organs.
  • Examples of Animalia Ants, beetles, lizards,
    fish, birds, apes, elephants, and more are all
    examples of members of the kingdom Animalia.
  • Simple Animals Most animals are able to move, but
    sponges, a simple animal, cannot move.

21
Classification
Chapter 9
Concept Mapping
Use the terms below to complete the Concept
Mapping on the next slide.
kingdom species class classification family scientific name order taxonomy phylum

22
Chapter 9
Classification
23
Chapter 9
Classification
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