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Euroccupations
MANUFACTURING FOOD, METAL, OIL, GAS
MINING EurOccupations expert conference 21
22 May 2008, Marseille, France
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Agenda of the session

• Introduction to the manufacturing cluster
• Experts recruitment
• Changes in skills requirements and an occupation

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The clusters
Cluster title
1. Care welfare
2. Construction cars
3. Education, research personnel
4. Information, communication, finance legal
5. Manufacturing food, metal, oil, gas mining
6. Clerks, staff, management army/police
7. Trade agriculture
8. Transport, logistics, travel cleaning/garbage
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• The key occupations have been selected from the
  EurOccupations extended list of occupations using
  several criteria
• variation in skill level and
• ISCO major groups,
• variation in gender composition
• the most frequent occupations (i.e., volume
  argument) and
• blurred occupations (e.g., managers, process
  operators, waiter).

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List of occupations manufacturing
Aircraft mechanic or service technician Metal molder or metal molding machine setter-operator
Assembling helper Metal molder or metal molding machine setter-operator
Beverage production process operator Metal production process operator
Boring machine operator Pipe fitter
CNC operator Plant maintenance mechanic
Confectionery maker Power production plant operator
First line supervisor assembly line workers Quality assurance inspector
First line supervisor manufacturing workers Sewer, seamstress
Lathe or turning machine tool setter-operator Sheet-metal worker
Machine tool operator Welder
Meat processing machine operator Wood processing plant operator
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Data collecting procedure
Experts are expected to have knowledge about
occupations or groups of occupations within the
countries
www.euroccupations.org
Contact an expert
Email with a link to the chosen
occupation-realted questionnaire

• Fullfiling the questionnaire

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Expert response rates for the cluster
manufacturing
BEL GER UK FRA ITA NL PL SP Total
Aircraft mechanic or service technician 1 1 3 5
Assembling helper
Beverage production process operator 1 1
Boring machine operator
CNC operator 1 2 3
Confectionery maker
First line supervisor assembly line workers
First line supervisor manufacturing workers
Lathe or turning machine tool setter-operator
Machine tool operator 1 1 2
Meat processing machine operator
Metal molder or metal molding machine setter-operator
Metal production process operator 1 1 2
Pipe fitter
Plant maintenance mechanic
Power production plant operator 1 2 3
Quality assurance inspector 1 1
Sewer, seamstress 5 1 6
Sheet-metal worker
Welder 1 1
Wood processing plant operator 1 1
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Proposals and good ideas wanted (country
specific or universal)

• channels,
• suggestions
• contacts
• methods
• techniques
• abracadabra and any other magic formula

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sewer
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Changes in occupations

• increasing complexity in job content
• broader span of responsibility
• work with sophisticated equipment
• problem solving skills (without supervision)

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Occupations with the largest job decline, 2006-16
(U.S. Department of Labor)
Rank title 2006 2016 number Most significant source of postsecondary education or training(2)
1. Stock clerks and order fillers 1,705 1,574 -131 -7.7 Short-term on-the-job training
2. Cashiers, except gaming 3,5 3,382 -118 -3.4 Short-term on-the-job training
3. Packers and packagers, hand 834 730 -104 -12.4 Short-term on-the-job training
7. Sewing machine operators 233 170 -63 -27.2 Moderate-term on-the-job training
12 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers 699 665 -34 -4.8 Work experience in a related occupation
21 Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 157 137 -20 -12.8 Moderate-term on-the-job training
26 Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic 68 52 -16 -23.3 Moderate-term on-the-job training
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sewer

• do not formally supervise others or, if they do
  the number of supervisees is relatively small
  (1-10 persons),
• their work involve coaching or training of less
  experienced co-workers on regular basis,
• some physical effort is generally required in
  this occupation,

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sewer

• no, eventually some, mental effort is generally
  required in this occupation,
• sewers are involved in organisation of equipment
  and/ or material
• experts have not indicated any diploma,
  certification, or professional code requirements
  for this occupation

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sewer

• people working in this occupation have to update
  their knowledge and skills every year,
• the expert found of major importance Initiating
  action, co-operating with colleagues, Applying
  know-how, professional expertise problem
  solving, planning and organising, following
  instructions and procedures, dealing with
  contingencies

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sewer

• people start working in this occupation via
  in-company dual-learning trajectories after
  completing formal education,
• different period is indicated to become competent
  in this occupation some experts put 1-3 months
  the others 6-12 months,

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sewer

• it is worth to stress that in some cases the
  opinions of the experts were quite opposite i.e.
  developing new procedures and working methods
  was found to be of no, some and major importance
  for the occupation.

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The changes in manufacturing
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Medium term forecast Employment trends in Europe
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Employment trends by industry
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Situation in manufacturing labour market

• productivity and output in manufacturing
  industries continue to grow
• manufacturing employment numbers drop in many
  countries
• shortage of high-skilled workers
• aging of manufacturing labour force (baby-bommers
  defined as population born between 1943 and1964
  are about to leave the labour market)

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Characteristics of manufacturing

• negative image in the eyes of younger workers
• no more perceived as a source of high-rewarded
  career
• other sectors provide attractive alternatives for
  talented young people,
• on one hand there is a shedding of workers in
  most parts of the world, n the other hand
  struggle to recruit skilled workers
• growth of service related occupations in
  manufacturing companies (sales, marketing,
  customer service, legal and financial service)
• short of talents

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questions

• The trends are not universal for different
  countries.
• What are the driving forces for the changes in
  the different countries?

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What we can expect in Europe?

• Increasing demand for highly and medium-skilled
• Losses offset by replacement demand

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Shortage talents
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Questions, problems to deal with

• If layoffs or reduced hiring are the order of the
  day, how relevant are concerns about talent
  shortages?

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Questions, problems to deal with

• the demand for skills and formal qualifications
  is rising, but is true for all levels of
  occupations?
• Is it the demand reason for higher qualifications
  in lower level of occupations or overeducation?
• If the qualifications demanded by employers rise
  does it influence the national/sector/employment/e
  ducational regulatioins?

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Questions, problems to deal with

• Do job (occupations) titles give us any clue on
  educational/qualification requirements?
• What is the meaning of on-job experience?

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Questions, problems to deal with

• What sources of skills and knowledge are expected
  to succed in future?
• What are the expectations of changes in skill
  requirements?

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• Any final remarks?