Sentences are built with clauses

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Sentences are built with clauses

• Clauses have a subject a verb.
• Some are independent Dogs bark.
• Some are dependent When dogs bark,

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Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) join
independent clauses resulting in a COMPOUND
sentence.

• FANBOYS--
• For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So
• Dogs bark, for they are barkers.
• Dogs bark, and they growl.
• Dogs bark, but cats meow.

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Subordinating conjunctions begin dependent
clauses

• When dogs bark, people listen.
• When dogs bark is a dependent clause.
• When dogs bark is a special kind of dependent
  clause called an adverb clause.
• Adverb clauses begin with words like when, if,
  because, until, since, although

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Sometimes dependent clauses describe a noun or
pronoun.

• Dogs bark at cats who climb up trees.
• The dependent clause who climb up trees is a
  special kind of dependent clause called an
  adjective clause.

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• Both types of dependent clause adverb
  adjective-- join with independent clauses to form
  COMPLEX sentences.
• When dogs bark, people listen.
• Dogs bark at cats who run up trees.

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Pronouns replace nouns.

• The noun being replaced is the antecedent.
• Dogs bark when they see cats.
• Dogs is the antecedent which is replaced by the
  pronoun they.

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Figurative language

• Hyperbole An extreme exaggeration to make a
  point.
• I tried to call you a million times last night.
• My book bag weighs a ton.
• We waited forever to get into the concert.

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Idiom A saying that does not translate literally.

• Its time to hit the hay.
• Its raining cats and dogs.
• He didnt want to burn his bridges by quitting
  his job.

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Alliteration Repeated consonant sound in
sentence.

• Robert rarely remembers his lunch money.
• Leo learns Latin.
• Bonzo barks.

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Simile Comparison using like or as.

• She ran like a gazelle.
• She was as light as a feather.

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Metaphor Direct comparison

• Dana is a bear in the morning.
• The road was a ribbon before them.
• Juan is a tiger on the football field.

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Imagery- Language that appeals to any of the six
senses.

• The smell of fresh baked cookies wafted into the
  living room.
• The campers woke up to the sound of chirping
  crickets and singing birds.

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Onomatopoeia- Words that sound like the sound
they make.

• The bees buzzed.
• The branch cracked as it broke from the tree.
• The swing made a creaking sound.

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Paragraphs

• Topic sentence- Expresses main idea.
• Supporting detail sentences- Support main idea.
• -Conclusion or clincher- Brings the paragraph to
  a conclusion.

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Topic sentence- I always look forward to our
annual family reunion.

• Supporting detail sentences-
• My Uncle Neil always shows up in a costume. This
  year he dressed as the Easter Bunny.
• My nephew Clay tells jokes during dinner even
  though he is only in third grade.
• This year we played Bananagrams, which was really
  fun.
• In the evening, we had an egg hunt on golf
  course.
• Closing sentence or clincher-
• I enjoy this yearly gathering for the family
  time, fun, and food.

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Homophones- Words that sound alike, but have
different spellings meanings.

• To, Two, Too
• -I like to dance wildly.
• -My sister likes dancing too.
• -She spins around too much and bumps into other
  people.
• -We are two wild dancers.

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There, their, theyre

• We went there on vacation.
• My uncle and aunt let us use their cabin.
• Theyre going to join us later in the week.

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Its (possessive), its (contraction--It is)

• The bear licked its paws to get all the honey
  off.
• Its time to go home.

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Comparatives Superlatives

• Comparatives- Two or more things.
• Marys snack is good, but mine is better.
• Superlatives- Three or more things.
• Marys snack is good, mine is better, and Nicks
  is the best.

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Easy way to remember

• Good, better, best,
• Never let them rest.
• Make the good better,
• And the better best.