The%20Northern%20Renaissance

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The Northern Renaissance

• The Spread of Humanism

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Printing Press (c. 1456)

• Johann Gutenberg spread of humanistic
  literature to rest of Europe.
• By 1480, 380 printing presses in Europe (1000 by
  1500)

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Christian Humanism

• Attempted to find a balance between religious and
  secular concerns
• Rejected the otherworldliness of the Middle
  Ages.
• Emphasis on early church writings for answers to
  improve society.

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Christian Humanist Writers

• Desiderius Erasmus (Erasmus of Rotterdam)
  (1466-1536) In Praise of Folly most famous
  intellectual of his times, criticized the church
  Erasmus lay the egg that Luther hatched

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Christian Humanist Writers

• Thomas More (1478-1536) Utopia creates ideal
  society on an island but to achieve harmony and
  order people have to sacrifice individual rights

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Christian Humanist Writers

• Jacques Lefevre dEtables (1454-1536) leading
  French humanist produced 5 versions of the
  Psalms that challenged a single authoritative
  Bible.
• Francesco Ximenes de Cisneros (1436-1517)
  reformed Spanish clergy and church, Grand
  Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition

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Northern Renaissance Arts

• Low Countries (Dutch Republic, Flanders and parts
  of Germany, etc) produced especially important
  artists.
• Jan and Hubert Van Eyck
• First successful use of oil painting
• Worked mainly in Ghent, Belgium.

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Jan Van Eyck- Adoration of the Lamb
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Jan Van Eyck Arnolfini Marriage
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Peter Brueghel (1520-1569)

• Focused on lives of ordinary people.
• Painted great landscapes
• Also worked on religious subjects
• Completed most of his work in Antwerp and Brussels

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Peter Brueghel Peasant Wedding
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Peter Brueghel The Tower of Babel
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Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)

• German foremost northern Renaissance artist
• Famous for woodcuts and engravings.
• Paintings include a number of self protraits

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Albrecht Durer The Last Supper
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Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543)

• Son of Gothic artist.
• German painter who studied in Italy
• Painted portraits of Erasmus, Thomas More, King
  Henry VIII, his wives, and Mary Tudor

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Hans Holbein The Ambassadors
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Hans Holbein Henry VIII
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Domenikos El Greco (1541-1614) painter mannerism
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Vernacular Writers

• France
• Francois Rabelais (1494-1553) Gargantua and
  Pantagruel
• Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) Essays relativist
  in religion and morality

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Vernacular Writers

• England
• Edmund Spenser
• Christopher Marlowe
• William Shakespeare
• Ben Jonson

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Vernacular Writers

• Spain
• Miguel de Cervantes
• Felix Lope de Vega