The Layers of the Earth!

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The Layers of the Earth!
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Earth Layers

• The Earth is divided into four main layers.
• Crust
• Mantle
• Outer Core
• Inner Core

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The Crust

• The Earths crust is like the skin of an apple.
  It is very thin compared to the other three
  layers.
• The crust makes up 1 of the Earth.
• The crust of the Earth is broken into many
  pieces called plates.

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The Earths crust is made of

• Continental Crust
• thick (10-70km)- buoyant (less dense than
  oceanic crust) - mostly old

• Oceanic Crust
• - thin (7 km)- dense (sinks under continental
  crust)- young

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• Oceanic crust  depth of 0-10 kilometresThe
  majority of the Earth's crust was made through
  volcanic activity. The oceanic ridge system, a
  40,000 kilometre network of volcanoes, generates
  new oceanic crust at the rate of 17 km3 per year,
  covering the ocean floor with an igneous rock
  called basalt. Hawaii and Iceland are two
  examples of the accumulation of basalt islands.
• Continental crust  depth of 0-75 kilometresThis
  is the outer part of the Earth composed
  essentially of crystalline rocks. These are
  low-density buoyant minerals dominated mostly by
  quartz (SiO2) and feldspars (metal-poor
  silicates). The crust is the surface of the
  Earth. Because cold rocks deform slowly, we refer
  to this rigid outer shell as the lithosphere (the
  rocky or strong layer).

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The Mantle

• The mantle is the layer below the crust.
• The mantle is the largest layer of the Earth.
• The mantle is divided into two regions the upper
  and lower sections.

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• The mantle is the thick layer of hot, solid rock
• The mantle is in a putty-like semi-solid state
  that can flow very slowly.
• In the mantle, temperatures range between 500 to
  900 C (932 to 1,652 F)
• It's made of solid rock and behaves like an
  extremely viscous liquid

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Outer Core

• The core of the Earth is like a ball of very
  hot metals.
• The outer core is liquid.
• The outer core is made up of iron and is very
  dense.

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• The outer core has a very high temperature and
  ranges from about 4,400 degrees Celsius to about
  6,100 degrees Celsius
• composed of iron and nickel
• Convection of liquid metals in the outer core
  creates the Earth's magnetic field.

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Inner Core

• The inner core of the Earth has temperatures
  and pressures so great that the metals are
  squeezed together and are not able to move.
• The inner core is a solid.

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• It is made of solid iron and nickel. Temperatures
  in the core are thought to be in the region of
  5000-6000c and it's solid due to the massive
  pressure.

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ASTHENOSPHERE LITHOSPHERE

• In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the crust
  and the uppermost mantle, which constitute the
  hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth.
• The asthenosphere is a portion of the upper
  mantle just below the lithosphere that is
  involved in plate tectonic movements

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The Earth Bowl

• First, everyone will divide up into groups!
• The groups need to pick two people to be the
  materials specialists. Those people will need to
  get
• A plastic baggie which contains
  graham crackers and sugar.
• A container of raspberry Jell-O
• A container of black cherry Jell-O
• A container of lemon Jell-O
• A spoon
• A bowl
• DO NOT TOUCH ANY OF THE MATERIALS AFTER YOU HAVE
  RECEIVED THEM. WAIT UNTIL I EXPLAIN WHAT TO DO.

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The Steps to Making the Layers!

• 1) First you will need the plastic baggie
  containing graham crackers and sugar. Break the
  graham crackers up with the sugar in the bag.
• DO NOT POUND TOO HARD! YOU DONT WANT THE BAG TO
  BREAK!
• 2) After the graham crackers are broken up into
  crumbs, I will bring you butter to mix in the
  baggie.
• 3) Now, take the graham crackers out and press
  the mixture on the sides of the bowl to form the
  crust.

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• 4) Now take the black cherry Jell-O and spoon it
  into the bowl that you have put the crust in.
  Form it so there is a pocket in the middle left
  open.
• 5) Take the lemon Jell-O and put it in the bowl
  where you left the pocket, but make sure you
  leave a hole in the middle for your raspberry
  Jell-O.
• 6) Finally, put your raspberry Jell-O in the
  center.

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You have now made the Layers of the
Earth.The Crust (graham crackers)The Mantle
(black cherry) The Outer Core (lemon) The
Inner Core (raspberry)