The%20Muscular%20System

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The Muscular System

• Support Systems
• Unit 2

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Functions of the Muscular System

• Heat Production (thermogenesis)
• Heat is a byproduct of muscle contraction
• Movement Facilitation
• Muscles shorten and pull on bones which produces
  movement
• Structure (postural support)
• Contraction of muscles keeps us upright and
  maintains posture

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Functions cont.

• Protection of Internal Organs
• Contraction of abdominal muscles causes them to
  become hard and offers protection to the
  underlying organs
• Other muscles con contract prior to receiving a
  blow thus protection bones and soft tissue.
• Controls the volume of hollow organs
• Smooth muscle surrounds our hollow organs and
  contractions propel the substances through them,
  aid in their emptying, or helps control their
  volume
• Stomach and small intestines
• The bladder
• Blood vessels

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Anterior Skeletal Muscles
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Posterior Skeletal Muscles
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Cardiac Muscle

• Striated appears striped under a microscope
• Involuntary- no conscious control
• Found in the heart

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Smooth Muscle

• Located in walls of hollow internal surfaces such
  as
• blood vessels - stomach
• urinary bladder - intestines
• Non-striated in appearance
• Involuntary

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Skeletal Muscle

• Attached to bones
• Striated appearance under a microscope
• Voluntary control (conscious control)

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Diseases and Disorders of the Muscular System
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Tendonitis

• Characterized by Inflammation of the tendons due
  to overuse or age-related changes of the tendon.
• Common in individuals who begin a new exercise or
  increase their level of exercise.
• Treatment includes rest, ice, compression, and
  elevation (RICE).

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Strains

• A tearing of a muscle or its attaching tendon
• Occurs when a muscle receives a stress that
  overcomes its strength
• Sudden, quick heavy lifting
• During sports
• While performing work tasks

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Strains cont.

• 3 types of strains
• A 1st degree occurs when the muscle is stretched
  causing micro-tears in the muscle fibers
• A 2nd degree strain occurs when the muscle or
  tendon is partially torn
• A 3rd degree strain occurs when the muscle is
  completely ruptured
• Signs symptoms include
• Pain, especially when the muscle is contracting
  which limits function
• Swelling
• Bruising
• Treatment includes Rest, Ice, Compression,
  Elevation

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Muscle Spasm

• An involuntary muscle contraction
• Also called a Charlie Horse or muscle cramp
• Main causes are electrolyte imbalances,
  dehydration and fatigue

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Muscle Spasm cont.

• Initial treatment is to put the muscle that has
  the spasm on stretch
• If spasm persists ice or heat can be used
• Prevention incudes maintaining a proper diet,
  drinking plenty of water and proper conditioning
• Sports drinks may be beneficial during exercise
  to help replace lost sodium due to sweating

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Muscular Dystrophy

• An inherited disorder in which the muscles are
  missing a certain protein causing degeneration of
  muscle tissue
• Causes progressive weakness and loss of function
  of the affected muscles
• There is no cure but physical therapy can lessen
  the severity of the disorder.